Tone-consonant co-occurrence probability in Mandarin

This study investigates how statistical regularity concerning the distribution of lexical tones and consonantal onsets in Mandarin, formulated as the “tone-consonant cooccurrence probability (TCCP)” here, influences results of wordlikeness judgment task. Native speakers were asked to rate the wordlikeness of monosyllabic real words and pseudowords with existing segmental combinations. Overall, real words with high probability were considered more wordlike than those with low probability. On the other hand, the probability effect was not significant on the well-formedness ratings of the pseudowords. These findings suggest that speakers are sensitive to the toneconsonant co-occurrence patterns, which follow gradual tendencies rather than an “allor-nothing” manner, but such sensitivity is probably limited to existing forms and cannot be extended to hypothetical ones.

Aircraft timely departure probability technique calculation

The article proposes the probability determination technique of timely aircraft departure, which is based on mathematical modeling method. It is proposed to use the indicator of timely departure probability, a calculation method of which is different from the known methods by taking into account the aircraft maintenance and repair system. This technique applies modern information technologies and the adopted approach is also supplemented with the mathematical model software implementation. The method of aircraft timely departure probability calculation is based on the model of the aircraft maintenance and repair system, utilizing the theory of mass service mathematical apparatus. The technique allows us to achieve the practical objectives of flight tests implementing aircraft maintainability evaluation and also complements the existing methodological support of the tests. The developed computer program provides the calculation of the required indicators for various values and combinations of factors which influence the result. Modeling was performed, and the study results of the main factors of probability effect, influencing timely departure are presented. Eventually the basic laws in solving the problem of aircraft timely departure, including interception of flying object are established.

Lattice hydrodynamic model-based feedback control method with traffic interruption probability

Connected vehicles are expected to become commercially available by the next decade, while traffic interruption is not uncommon in the real traffic environment. In this paper, we propose a feedback control method for lattice hydrodynamic model considering the traffic interruption probability effect. The stability criterion of the new model is explored through linear stability analysis of transfer function. When the stability conditions are not satisfied, a delay feedback controller is used to control the discharging flow to suppress traffic congestion. The impact of gain coefficient and delay time on the performance is discussed. We verify the effectiveness of the devised delay feedback controller by simulations. Results show that the traffic interruption probability effect has a considerable impact on the stability of traffic flow, while the controller is effective in suppressing traffic congestion.

Educational level, marital status and sex as social gender discharge determinants in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: a time-to-event analysis

The aim of this study is to evaluate, in patients hospitalized for COPD exacerbation, how educational level, marital status and sex (social gender indicators) affect the home discharge probability (main effects) and how interact with each other in affecting this probability (effect modification). Data for all patients discharged with a principal diagnosis of COPD with exacerbation (ICD-9 491.21) by Apulian hospitals between 2013 and 2017 were retrieved from the National Hospital Discharge Register Database. A multivariable multi-stratified frailty cox proportional-hazard regression with interaction terms was fitted in order to assess the effect of sex, educational level and marital status on the time-to-event for home discharge through the estimation of hazard ratios. Adjusting for several patient and hospitalization characteristics and for healthcare facilities, low educational level (<8 years of schooling) is associated with a lower probability of being discharged to home in both sexes and in all marital status categories (HR 0.92, 95%CI 0.87-0.97, p=0.0020). Female sex is associated with a lower probability of being discharged to home only in married patients (HR 0.83, 95%CI 0.78-0.88, p<0.0001). Marital status different from married is associated with a lower probability of being discharged to home only in male patients, in particular single patients (HR 0.82, 95%CI 0.74-0.92, p=0.0009), separated or divorced patients (HR 0.71, 95%CI 0.58-0.86, p=0.0005) and widowed patients (HR 0.87, 95%CI 0.80-0.95, p=0.0018). Differently from findings about protective effect of education, the evidence of different effects of sex on home discharge probability among civil statuses and of different effect of civil status among sexes is supposed to be a proxy for social gender health and healthcare inequalities.

Performance measurement of one-bit hard decision fusion scheme for cooperative spectrum sensing in CR

This paper measures the performance of cooperative spectrum sensing, over Rayleigh-fading channel and additive white Gaussian noise, based on one-bit hard decision scheme for both AND and OR rules. Three measures based on energy detection are considered including effect of false alarm probability, effect of number of users, and effect of number of samples. Simulation results show that the detection probability increases with increasing false alarm probability, number of users, and number of samples for both AND and OR rules. Also, the performance of OR rule is better than the performance of AND rule.