Event-Based Modeling of Essential Medicines Selection with Numerical Material

The purpose of this study is to explore new methods on essential medicines selection when experimental materials disable. This paper deals with a novel system design and optimization by the tools of computer programming for the first time, successfully solving a serial problems of medicines selection in facing 18 cases after 20 runs of simulation for each case. The significant outcome of computer printout provides a sound basis for optimally choosing essential medicines in the promising reality of social medicine revolution. This original research has led to the discovery of a fast and costless selection principle for not only medicines selection.

Analysis of Rolling Bearings With Reduced Numbers of Balls or Rollers

A method is presented to allow the computer analysis of rolling bearings with reduced numbers of balls or rollers with no loss of accuracy. There are three advantages with the ability to model the bearings with less than the actual numbers of balls or rollers: (1) The method allows for the analysis of bearings which have more balls or rollers than allowed by the dimensioning of the computer software; (2) The method allows for the selection of a model number of nodes or rolling elements which are equally spaced and correspond to the number of nodes of a finite element analysis of the bearing rings and mounting structure; and (3) The method can reduce the computer printout for the bearing analysis.

A Naturalistic Study of the Measurement of Seizure Adequacy in Electroconvulsive Therapy

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess an electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) rating scale by studying the intraictal electroencephalograph parameters induced by the seizure, and determine the clinical utility of such a scale in terms of time, application and ease of use. Method: This naturalistic study of 55 depressed patients over a 2-year period examined specific parameters of the intraictal electroencephalograph seizure morphology and computer printout, and their association with overall clinical outcome. The rating scale was developed and evaluated in terms of clinical reliability and ease of use. Results: Overall, 1076 individual ECT treatments were given. Using multiple regression analysis, overall seizure adequacy correlated most closely with abrupt seizure endpoint, a high amplitude rhythmic spike and wave phase of >13 s, a seizure energy index of >1000 u, and an electroencephalograph seizure length of > 24 s. ‘Adequate’ overall ratings as determined by the rating scale were shown to correlate significantly with overall clinical improvement. The rating scale had extremely high interrater and test–retest reliability; and was relatively easy to use and time efficient. Conclusions: The use of the rating scale has the potential to help clinicians optimize ECT. While not perfect in any sense, it still gives clinicians good predictive qualities when used as a clinical guide. It is important that larger studies look at all the potential variables that may interact with seizure adequacy and clinical outcome.

Masses, Radii, Temperatures, Luminosities and Surface Compositions of White Dwarfs

My title is so inclusive that it is not possible to find significant subject matter not in direct conflict with the specialists’ talks scheduled throughout this Colloquium. I intend, however, to emphasize areas where it is probable that much remains to be done. From the Kiel group come printouts for a large family of models, first for hydrogen and recently for helium-dominated atmospheres, which D. Koester has kindly made available. Hydrogen atmospheres for a wide variety of temperatures by Shipman and McGraw and Shipman exist also in computer printout form. Models of mixed He/H composition are less available, but are being prepared. Some hydrogen-deficient stars are the richest in metals, so that models for a variety of metal/helium ratios will need to be computed, and synthetic spectra. Clearly, further models with differing C/He ratios are needed. The successful observations in the ultraviolet with the IUE also demand computations of Lyman-α profiles using modern broadening theory, and a few now exist (Koester 1979). Present observational capabilities require quite detailed predicted fluxes and He II, He I line profiles.

Phase Identification by X-Ray Powder Diffraction Evaluation of Various Techniques

Three powder mixtures, each composed of four or more phases, were submitted for phase identification by x-ray diffraction. Laboratory technicians supplied tables of “d” values and of relative intensities as obtained separately and independently by use of the diffractometer, the Debye camera and the Guinier camera. These tables of diffraction data were “solved” by utilization of the Joint Committee search manuals and reference to the Joint Committee Powder Diffraction File (P.D.F.). The same tables of data were then submitted to the 2dTS:Diffraction Data Tele∼Search for a computer printout of results. Experimental data are also presented which provide a quantitative comparison of the accuracy of measurement of “d” values and of the resolution of Debye cameras vs Guinier cameras, since this information is necessary for efficient search procedures whether by manual or computer methods.

Tire Tread Pattern Sound Generation

An assessment of a mathematical method of synthesizing tire sound spectra is presented. The method is based on the summation of phasors and the calculated spectra are conveniently generated as computer printout in the form of bar graphs. The technique, its usefulness, its limitations, and the implications of using such a model are discussed. The results have been substantiated experimentally, thus enabling optimum tread element lengths and sequences to be determined at the design stage, within the known limitations of the model.

Preliminary Muskeg (Peatland) Inventory of the Province of New Brunswick

The distribution of peatland as a percentage of land area and the distribution of open and treed peatlands as percentages of peatland area have been determined for the Province of New Brunswick, For this work, aerial photographs, a dot planimeter, a mirror stereoscope and a computerized mapping procedure, SYMAP, in conjunction with the University of New Brunswick IBM system/360 computer were used. The results have been displayed in the form of symbolized computer printout maps (SYMAP) showing the distribution of peatland in New Brunswick. About 10% (about 700 000 ha) of the land area of New Brunswick is covered by peatland.

A Practical Statistical Method of Estimating Claims Liability and Claims Cash Flow

A few years ago Scurfield (JSS 18) indicated a method used inone U.K. non-Life Office for estimating claims liability for the Motor class of business. Since that paper was written a considerable amount of development has taken place and it is now used in the office as an effective continuous method, using computer techniques, for estimating claims liability. It has also been used for projecting expected cash flow for claims arising in the past.Whilst it is accepted that the method has limitations, it has been found that an automatic method is required especially in the production of financial models in the non-Life field, and its limitations are outweighed by the fact that there are, in our opinion, no easier methods of producing a satisfactory working model.In the following paper it is the intention to set out briefly the details of the method, then concentrating on the known limitations and the methods so far devised to combat these limitations. In the appendices we have reproduced some computer printout and figures which will provide practical information on the method.The principle behind the method is that the “Run-off” of claims payments for any “year of claim”, or similar cohort of claims, follows a particular pattern which experience has shown to be reasonably stable. We can thus study the pattern of claims payments at each stage of “run-off”, say each month and thus ascertain the average and range of values that the historic pattern shows (Fig. 1).Fig. 1.Period of delay since beginning of claims Period (Years)