The differential impact of the timing of form-focused instruction on the acquisition of the past counterfactual conditional and framing expressions for English questions

This study compared the effect of the timing of form-focused instruction (FFI) on the acquisition of the past counterfactual conditional (PCC) and framing expressions (FEs) for English questions. Sixty-three EFL adult learners received a total of six hours of isolated or integrated FFI on the target features. Acquisition was measured by means of cloze tests and interviews. The results obtained from a mixed-design ANOVA indicated that the learners in the two experimental groups made significant gains on the two language measures. A dependent t-test revealed that the two target structures responded differentially to the timing of form-focused instruction. We discuss some of the theoretical and pedagogical implications of these findings.

Program "Jari Peri" Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Dan Efikasi Mengajar Prevensi Kekerasan Seksual Pada Anak (KSA)

Kekerasan seksual pada anak (KSA) merupakan pemaksaan atau ancaman seorang anak dalam aktivitas seksual yang dilakukan orang dewasa atau teman sebaya. Kekerasan seksual tidak hanya terjadi dikalangan anak-anak pada umumnya namun juga terjadi pada anak yang berkebutuhan khusus, karena mereka belum dapat mengenal dengan baik organ vital yang harus dilindungi (misal vagina, payudara, penis, dan pantat). Hal tersebut dapat menjadikan trauma baik fisik, psikologis maupun sosial. Ironisnya kejadian ini tidak selalu terlaporkan baik kepada pihak yang berwenang ataupun lembaga perlindungan anak. Agar kejadian ini tidak semakin meningkat, maka dibutuhkan suatu strategi prevensi primer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah progam Jari Peri (guru ajari perlindungan diri) dapat meningkatkan keterampilan dan efikasi mengajarkan prevensi KSA. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan rancangan eksperimen kuasi the untreated control group design with multiple dependent pretest and posttest. Uji statistik menggunakan mixed design ANOVA. Skala efikasi digunakan untuk mengetahui peningkatan efikasi mengajar guru, cheklis keterampilan komunikasi. Abstract: The child sexual abuse (CSA) is coercion or threat of a child in sexual activity of adults or the opposite sex of peers. The sexual abuse is not only occurred among children in general, but also occurred in children with special needs, because they do not familiar with the vital organs that should be protected (e. g vagina, breast, penis, and buttocks). This is able to make a trauma, either physical, psychological or social. Ironically, this incident is not always reported to the authorities or child protection agencies. For this incident does not increase, it needs to take a strategy primary prevention. The purpose of this study is to determine how effective the program of “jari peri” (the teachers teach self-protection) to improve skills and teacher's efficacy for the prevention of child sexual abuse. The method used in this study was a quantitative method with quasi-experimental; untreated control group design with multiple dependent pretest and posttest. The statistical test used was mixed-design ANOVA. Efficacy scale was used to determine the increase in teacher efficacy, checklist skill of verbal and non-verbal communication to determine the increase in teacher's skill and knowledge manipulation checks used to determine the increase in teacher's understanding. Twenty teachers of educated special school SLB-C P and SLB-C N in Yogyakarta were selected purposively. The result showed a comparison between the experiment and control group which have a significant difference for the skill of delivering CSA prevention (F=127, 447; p less than 0.05) and there is no significant difference for efficacy teaching CSA prevention (F=3.560; p less than 0.05). Therefore program of Jari Peri can improve the skill of delivering CSA prevention to the SLB-C teacher, but it can not improve the efficacy of teaching prevention of CSA on the teacher of SLB-C.

EFEKTIVITAS COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY (CBT) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN RESILIENSI PADA MAHASISWA KORBAN BULLYING

Bullying sering terjadi di perguruan tinggi dan menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi korban. Agar tetap mampu berfungsi positif, korban haruslah memiliki resiliensi. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan resiliensi adalah dengan pemberian Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji efektivitas Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) dalam meningkatkan resiliensi pada mahasiswa korban bullying. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 12 orang mahasiswa korban bullying yang memiliki resiliensi rendah, dan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan skala resiliensi, yang selanjutnya dianalisis dengan mixed design anova. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa pemberian CBT efektif secara signifikan untuk meningkatkan resiliensi pada mahasiswa korban bullying.

An Opinion Regarding Equivalence Testing for Evaluating Measurement Agreement

The novel statistical approach ‘equivalence testing’ has been proposed in order to statistically examine agreement between different physical activity measures. By using this method, researchers argued that it is possible to determine whether a method is significantly equivalent to another method. Recently, equivalence testing was supported with the use of 90% confidence interval, obtained from a mixed ANOVA, which I believe is a more robust approach. This paper further discusses the use of this method in comparison to a more well-established statistical analysis (i.e. mixed design ANOVA), as well as various limitations and arbitrary assumptions in order to perform this analysis. The paper concludes with some remarks and considerations for future use in similar approaches.

A Japanese pitch accent practice program and L1 influence on pitch accent acquisition

Recent research has demonstrated that learners of Japanese struggle producing correct Japanese pitch accent. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect learners’ first language (L1) may have on accent acquisition following the introduction and use of a digital Japanese Pitch Accent Learning and Practice (PALP) program in two Japanese courses. The PALP program visually and aurally presents learners with pitch patterns and requires learners to select the correct pitch accent pattern for new vocabulary. Participants’ pitch accent abilities were assessed at the beginning and end of their courses. A mixed design ANOVA was conducted to analyze the effect of learners’ L1 on pitch accent acquisition. Results evince a significant interaction effect between participant group (treatment/control) and L1 (Chinese/English), F(1, 24) = 10.09, p < .01 (η2 = .30). Specifically, English L1 participants in the treatment group considerably outperformed the control group English L1 participants. However, the Chinese L1 participants in both groups performed at approximately equal levels. These results suggest the existence of an L1 influence on pitch accent acquisition.

Apakah Pengkayaan Lingkungan Berpengaruh terhadap Ingatan Spasial pada Tikus Jantan dan Betina?

Female and male rats use different landmarks to find foods in the radial arm maze. The aim of this research was to test the effect of environmental enrichment on spatial memory of male and female rats. Twenty two male and 22 female Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) were allocated into eight groups. Spatial memory were measured after 60 days of environmental enrichment. It was hypothesized that rats in the environmentally enriched groups had better spatial memory. Analysis was done using SPANOVA (Mixed Design Anova). It was found that sex had an effect on spatial memory.

The Effect of Pointe Shoe Toe Box Shape on Proprioception in Novice Ballet Dancers

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the short-term effect of a pointe shoe toe box shape on proprioception in novice ballet dancers. Methods: Thirty-six female subjects completed the study (age = 13.2 + 2.2 years, height = 156.4 + 11.5 cm, weight = 46.6 + 9.4 kg). Subjects were assigned randomly to one of two groups. One group of 18 subjects was assigned to the tapered toe box pointe shoe, and the other group of 18 subjects was assigned to the square toe box pointe shoe. Subjects in each group were given a choice of any variation, brand, or size of shoe, only being restricted on the tapered or square box style. They were expected to train using that shoe, exclusively, over the next six weeks. Each subject’s static proprioception (the Center of Pressure [COP] area [Area95] and reaction velocity [Vavg]) was measured prior to and following their six weeks of standard training using the AMTI AccuSway Plus forceplate. Results:A mixed-design ANOVA showed no effect on static proprioception for either shoe type. Conclusions: The shape of pointe shoe toe boxes does not have an effect on static proprioception in novice ballet dancers in a six week training program. Future research should evaluate these effects over a longer duration to evaluate long-term effects.