Exoplanets prediction in multiplanetary systems

We present the results of a search for additional exoplanets in all multiplanetary systems discovered to date, employing a logarithmic spacing between planets in our Solar System known as the Titius–Bode (TB) relation. We use the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method and separately analyse 229 multiplanetary systems that house at least three or more confirmed planets. We find that the planets in $\sim 53\%$ of these systems adhere to a logarithmic spacing relation remarkably better than the Solar System planets. Using the TB relation, we predict the presence of 426 additional exoplanets in 229 multiplanetary systems, of which 197 candidates are discovered by interpolation and 229 by extrapolation. Altogether, 47 predicted planets are located within the habitable zone of their host stars, and 5 of the 47 planets have a maximum mass limit of 0.1–2 ${\rm M}_{\oplus}$ and a maximum radius lower than 1.25 ${\rm R}_{\oplus}$ . Our results and prediction of additional planets agree with previous studies’ predictions; however, we improve the uncertainties in the orbital period measurement for the predicted planets significantly.

Comparison of the input photovoltaic water pump with and without floating cooling system

Solar water pumps are one of the solar technologies that is becoming popular to fulfil the water requirement, particularly in the areas with limited or no access to electricity. However, the voltage of photovoltaic (PV), one of solar technology, drops as the temperature rises. Therefore, efforts are required to lower the temperature in the photovoltaic. This study aimed to observe the effect of cooling PV on direct-coupled water pump, motor and pump connected directly to PV. In this study, the cooling method used is floating method. Two module of PV were used. A photovoltaic module is firmly installed on an artificial pool as a cooling PV and the other without cooling. The results showed that a cooling photovoltaic (PV) produced higher power output transferred to motor and pump and had higher efficiency. In general, the power generated during the period measurement by PV with cooling is greater than that of PV without a cooling method. At 17:00 pm, when the intensity reaches 236 W/m2, the direct-coupled water pump with cooling PV system is able to operate with 9. 9484 W of power input. Meanwhile, under the same intensity, the water pump without cooling PV come into a halt, with 8. 6597 W of the input power.

Effectiveness of inoculation with rumen fluid containing Synergistes jonesii to control DHP toxicity in ruminants in eastern Indonesia

The feasibility and efficacy of inoculating with rumen fluid as a method to control hydroxypyridone (DHP) toxicity in ruminants on high leucaena diets in eastern Indonesia were investigated. Rumen fluid collected from 2 buffalo identified as ‘protected’, due to low levels of DHP excretion in urine, was orally administered to animals identified as ‘unprotected’ and concentrations of urinary DHP monitored. Control animals were dosed with water only. Treatments were randomly allocated to 10 recipient animals: 3 goats and 7 cattle. All animals were fed a diet containing fresh-cut 100% leucaena during the 18-day study period. Measurement of urinary DHP via colorimetric analysis commenced 8 days prior to animals being drenched with rumen fluid or water and continued for 10 days afterwards. Urinary DHP levels in animals that received the inoculum did not differ from those in the control group 10 days post-inoculation (mean 425 mg DHP/L; P = 0.50). Unexpectedly, DHP levels in all animals (rumen fluid and water) declined with time, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.12), and remained above considered safe threshold levels. These results suggest that transfer of rumen fluid to overcome leucaena toxicity in animals in eastern Indonesia may not be effective despite great care having been taken to ensure the viability of the anaerobic organisms during the inoculation process; this methodology is also not a practical solution to replicate on a commercial scale. The findings suggest that inoculation may not be necessary if animals previously naïve to leucaena are able to adapt to DHP toxicity by other means.