Functionally Graded Antibacterial Biomaterial Coatings for Titanium Base Alloy

Metal implants made of titanium and its alloys need surface modification operations because they are weak in terms of osseointegration and to protect them from corrosive body fluids and the growth of harmful bacteria that prevent them from performing their function and cause their failure. Hydroxyapatite and titanium dioxide have proven high efficiency by using them as biological and anti-bacterial coating. The basis of the current study is to deposit a functionally graded ceramic coating of titanium dioxide and hydroxyapatite on a Ti6Al4V substrate by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method at room temperature with optimal conditions of 20 volts and a deposition time of 1 minute, and then sintering in an atmosphere of argon at a temperature of 950°C for one hour. In addition, polarisation, open circuit, anti-bacterial activity, XRD, SEM, EDS was conducted. The laboratory results showed that the corrosion rate decreases for the coated samples compared to the uncoated. As for the SEM examination, the cross-section images showed that the gradient coating is dense, cohesive and free from microscopic cracks. Also, the surface images showed that the surface was uniform. In terms of XRD, the results showed the presence of rutile, anatase, and hydroxyapatite phases in addition to α_CaPO and β_TCP as a result of HAp decomposition. For the anti-bacterial examination, the findings revealed that the coating is anti-bacterial.

CIRCINATE BALANOPOSTHITIS AS A POSSIBLE CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF GONOCOCCAL INFECTION

Balanitis is defined as inflammation of the glans penis, while balanoposthitis is an inflammation of the glans penis and prepuce. Balanitis/balanoposthitis due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) is rarely reported. A case of balanoposthitis in a man clinically manifested as circinate balanoposthitis was reported to show the possibility of gonococcal infection manifested as circinate balanoposthitis. Bacterial examination with Gram staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examinations from the lesions denoted the appearance of intracellular and extracellular Gram negative diplococcus bacteria and positive for Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis). Serological examination showed the reactive results for syphilis. The patient received oral medications of 400 mg cefixime single dose and 1-gram azithromycin single dose, also 2.4 million international unit (IU) intramuscular per week for 3 weeks. The gonococcal infection as the cause of balanoposthitis should be put in the differential diagnosis and any possible examination should be done to establish the most plausible etiology.Key words: balanitis, balanoposthitis, gonococcal balanoposthitis, circinate balanoposthitis

Identification of bacterial pathogens that cause urinary tractinfections and detection of their antibiotic susceptibility

In this study, the isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial agents taken from urine and sediment samples of 10 cats and 10 dogs, which were diagnosed with urinary tract infection was aimed. Each urine and sediment samples were streaked onto blood agar which contains 5 % sheep blood, Eosin Methylene Blue agar and MacConkey agar for bacterial examination. In conclusion, Staphylococcus aureus from 4 dogs, Staphylococcus epidermidis from 2 dogs, Serratia liquefaciens from 1 dog, Plesiomonas shigelloides from 1 dog, Yersinia enterocolitica from 1 cat, were isolated and identified. In conclusion of antibiogram test, 78 % of the isolates were susceptible to Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid, 67 % of the isolates were susceptible to Ceftriaxone and Cefoperazone, 55.5 % of the isolates were susceptible to Enrofloxacin, 22.5 % of the isolates were susceptible to Lincomycin and 22 % of the isolates were susceptible to Erythromycin. The isolates were resistant to Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprime and Oxacillin in the ratio of 78 % and 67 % respectively. Consequently, it is concluded that the isolates obtained from dogs highlight the resistancy to antibiotics, bacterial agents play a less role in feline urinary tract infections and the appropriate antibiotic application procedure will enhance the success of therapy.

Biosecurity and mastitis in intensive dairy production

Newly purchased animals that enter a herd with high milk production can be infected with pathogens of the mammary gland and are a potential risk of infection to the cows on the farm. This risk cannot be avoided entirely, but it can be minimized by taking biosecurity measures that should be written as a policy developed for biosecurity oversight of veterinary service: when older cows are purchased, they should be bought with complete lactations and SCC records, and bacterial examination of milk from the udder quarters must be negative for pathogens of the udder; newly purchased cows should come from herds in which the geometric mean somatic cell count is less than 200,000. The herd must have individual cow SCC recorded at least bimonthly for the previous 6 months; the herd must not have had any history of Strep. agalactiae infection in the last 2 years, the herd should be BVDV-free or vaccinated, and the herd owner must be honest and willing to provide all this information. Our country has accepted the standards for milk quality and hygienic properties that comply with EU standards. The proposed biosafety measures presented in this paper enable the determination of the health status of the herd and the biosecurity level of mastitis in commercial farming in intensive dairy production.

Isolation of Mycobacteria spp from Rats

The main aim of this study is to detect infection of Wild brown rats withMycobacteria . fourtyone Wild brown rats were collected from variousquarters of Baghdad city during the period 29/5/2004 – 30/10/2004 .fourty one rats collected from college of Veterinary Medicine farmBaghdad University and from farm of Abu – Ghraib , Baghdad –ALGedida , AL – Mahmoedia , AL – hurrea . In this study after collectionof rats the post mortem change was studied and take one hundred twentythree sample of Lung , Liver and Spleen for bacterial examination onehundred twenty three samples were culture on special media forMycobacteria . The result revealed that four rats were infected withMycobacteria . four isolates of Mycobacteria two isolate from Lung , twoisolate from Liver . The morbidity rate with Mycobacteria was 9.9% .

Unusual Presentation of Angiocentric T-Cell Lymphoma Mimicking Perianal Abscess

Background: Subcutaneous angiocentric T cell is a common form of cutaneous lymphoma localized within subcutis mimicking lobular panniculitis. It is rarely manifested as perianal skin lesion. Objective: To suggest that perianal T-cell lymphoma is a rare entity that should be included in the differential diagnosis of perianal infiltrate mimicking perianal abscess. Methods and Results: A 65-year-old woman presented with painful perianal infiltrate mimicking a perianal abscess. The pain lasted seven days and there was no evidence of fever. Bacterial examination of tissue of the infiltrate discovered Staphylococcus aureus. Angiocentric T-cell lymphoma was demonstrated on biopsy. Conclusion: Our case represented sequela of subcutaneous angiocentric T-cell malignant lymphoma with a complication of a secondary infection mimicking perianal abscess. In patients presenting with a perianal infiltrate without abscess, a malignant condition should be considered a differential diagnosis and a biopsy should be performed.