Między reprodukcją a zmianą systemową. Czasopisma literackie w społecznym systemie literatury

The article aims to outline the role of literary periodicals in the social system of literature from a perspective of processes that take part in the accumulation of both cultural capital and social capital. In this sense, the paper is an attempt to incorporate a sociological perspective into the theory of literature in order to provide a more informed view on social and cultural processes that are mediated by literary periodicals of diversified kind. By referring to the notions of embodied and institutional cultural capital (Pierre Bourdieu) as well as social capital (Robert D. Putnam, Francis Fukuyama), the paper examines the dialectic of system reproduction and morphogenetic change in terms of processes that organize the functioning of literature conceived of a specific kind of social system.

A fence function for adherens junctions in epithelial cell polarity

Adherens junctions are a defining feature of all epithelial cells, providing cell-cell adhesion and being essential for cell and tissue morphology. In Drosophila, adherens junctions are concentrated between the apical and basolateral plasma membrane domains, but whether they contribute to apical-basal polarisation itself has been unclear. Here we show that, in the absence of adherens junctions, apical-basal polarity determinants can still segregate into complementary domains, but control of apical versus basolateral domain size is lost. Manipulation of the level of apical or basal polarity determinants in experiments and in computer simulations suggests that junctions provide a moveable diffusion barrier, or fence, that restricts the diffusion of polarity determinants to enable precise domain size control. Movement of adherens junctions in response to mechanical forces during morphogenetic change thus enables spontaneous adjustment of apical versus basolateral domain size as an emergent property of the polarising system.

Post-Larval Development of the Tellinacean Bivalves Abra Alba, Tellina Fabula and Donax Vittatus (Mollusca: Bivalvia), With Reference to the Late Larva

The post-larval shell and hinge development of the bivalves Abra alba (Wood), Tellina fabula Gmelin and Donax vittatus (da Costa) from the recently metamorphosed size to a juvenile size of 1·2–1·4 mm shell length has been examined using scanning electron microscopy. Early post-larval development in the stages up to 1·0–1·2 mm size can involve considerable morphogenetic change and requires careful description with photographic developmental series. The form of the pediveliger larva is present in the early post-larval shell and confirms the identity of the larvae of A. alba and T. fabula. The veliger and pediveliger larvae of A. alba are described. The similar larval form of the tellinacean bivalves is modified by differential margin growth early in post-larval development. Comparison of these bivalves with allied species reveals that the post-larvae are distinguishable at even the smallest sizes by the shell and hinge form. The metamorphic size of A. alba ranges from 0·26 to 0·31 mm, of T. fabula from 0·25 to 0·28 mm and of D. vittatus from 0·25 to 0·35 mm. The bivalve post-larvae were collected from the shallow sublittoral of Oxwich Bay, Bristol Channel, U.K., and the larvae from the overlying waters, during the years 1980–2.

Dimorphism in a new isolate of Saccharomycopsis Schiönning

Two strains of Saccharomycopsis guttulata Robin (Schiönning) were isolated from two out of four specimens of Lepus californicus, the wild jack rabbit of California. One isolate was similar to typical strains with budding cells occurring in domestic rabbits. The second strain was atypical in being dimorphic. Colonies of the yeast form, consisting of budding cells, were smooth and glistening, while those of the filamentous form were irregular, rough, and dull. The filamentous form consisted of septate, branched hyphae, radiating from a central origin of growth. New filaments generally were initiated by fragmentation. The two new strains were similar to domestic strains in assimilation and fermentation reactions and grew only between 30 and 40C. Both strains formed ascospores at 18C. The filamentous strain, unlike other S. guttulata strains, was not carbon dioxide dependent at 37C but did require oxygen. At 30C it became carbon dioxide dependent. During the stationary phase, a morphogenetic change occurred from the filamentous form to a yeast form, which was stimulated by anaerobic conditions. The budding form of the filamentous strain was relatively stable in culture and at either 30 or 37C it was carbon dioxide dependent. Spontaneous reversions from the budding to the filamentous form appear to occur sporadically.