The Influence of Exercise Modality on Training Load Management

Purpose: To provide novel insight regarding the influence of exercise modality on training load management by (1) providing a theoretical framework for the impact of physiological and biomechanical mechanisms associated with different exercise modalities on training load management in endurance exercise and (2) comparing effort-matched low-intensity training sessions performed by top-level athletes in endurance sports with similar energy demands. Practical Applications and Conclusions: The ability to perform endurance training with manageable muscular loads and low injury risks in different exercise modalities is influenced both by mechanical factors and by muscular state and coordination, which interrelate in optimizing power production while reducing friction and/or drag. Consequently, the choice of exercise modality in endurance training influences effort beyond commonly used external and internal load measurements and should be considered alongside duration, frequency, and intensity when managing training load. By comparing effort-matched low- to moderate-intensity sessions performed by top-level athletes in endurance sports, this study exemplifies how endurance exercise with varying modalities leads to different tolerable volumes. For example, the weight-bearing exercise and high-impact forces in long-distance running put high loads on muscles and tendons, leading to relatively low training volume tolerance. In speed skating, the flexed knee and hip position required for effective speed skating leads to occlusion of thighs and low volume tolerance. In contrast, the non-weight-bearing, low-contraction exercises in cycling or swimming allow for large volumes in the specific exercise modalities. Overall, these differences have major implications on training load management in sports.

ANALISIS TINGKAT KERAGAMAN PENGUKURAN VOLUME KAYU BULAT OLEH TENAGA TEKNIS PENGELOLAAN HUTAN PRODUKSI LESTARI (GANIS-PHPL) PADA APLIKASI SI-PUHH ONLINE

Therefore this study aims to analyze the level of diversity in the measurement of volume of logs in the field between researchers and Technical Personnel for Sustainable Production Forest Management (GANIS-PHPL) inputted in the SI-PUHH Online application. The method used is a quantitative method by developing models mathematical (calculations), which are related to the measurement of logs. The results showed that the Technical Personnel for Sustainable Production Forest Management (GANIS-PHPL) owned by PT. Gema Hutani Lestari is not careful in carrying out its duties and authorities in measuring the correctness of the volume of logs, because there has been an excess volume tolerance of 5.97% of the set tolerance limit of 5%, giving rise to an element of state losses. Thus the performance and role of GANIS-PHPL is deemed necessary for guidance and control related to its duties and authority in terms of measuring and testing the volume of logs, so that the calculation of non-tax state revenue (PNBP) reaches the desired target.

Shock

Shock represents hypoperfusion leading to cellular metabolic failure, with attendant clinical and biochemical markers indicating shock severity and response to therapy. While identifying and treating the underlying cause (source control for sepsis, hemostasis for exsanguination, etc) is paramount, the approach to shock is fundamentally straightforward. Assessment of volume responsiveness or volume tolerance, correction of vasoplegia, and modulation of pump function to improve forward flow aim to recover tissue perfusion at the macroscopic level and facilitate metabolic recovery. These strategies often must be applied simultaneously despite the traditionally used etiology-based classifications of shock. The intensivist should thus be familiar with a variety of invasive and noninvasive tools to determine the approach of greatest perceived yield and evaluate efficacy of interventions. This review contains 4 figures, 1 table, and 50 references. Key Words: anaerobic metabolism, fluid responsiveness, hemorrhagic shock, lactic acidosis, measurement of intravascular volume, neurogenic shock, septic shock, shock, Swan-Ganz catheter, treatment of shock

Shock

Shock represents hypoperfusion leading to cellular metabolic failure, with attendant clinical and biochemical markers indicating shock severity and response to therapy. While identifying and treating the underlying cause (source control for sepsis, hemostasis for exsanguination, etc) is paramount, the approach to shock is fundamentally straightforward. Assessment of volume responsiveness or volume tolerance, correction of vasoplegia, and modulation of pump function to improve forward flow aim to recover tissue perfusion at the macroscopic level and facilitate metabolic recovery. These strategies often must be applied simultaneously despite the traditionally used etiology-based classifications of shock. The intensivist should thus be familiar with a variety of invasive and noninvasive tools to determine the approach of greatest perceived yield and evaluate efficacy of interventions. This review contains 4 figures, 1 table, and 50 references. Key Words: anaerobic metabolism, fluid responsiveness, hemorrhagic shock, lactic acidosis, measurement of intravascular volume, neurogenic shock, septic shock, shock, Swan-Ganz catheter, treatment of shock