The Forgotten Surrender

English-language historiography has paid scant attention to the events in Yugoslavia in spring 1945, despite the fact that the combined strength of the armies pitted against each other amounted to around 800,000 men, and that it was the only front in Europe which was held independently by a junior member of the anti-Hitler coalition. This article provides an analysis of both the capitulation of the German Army Group E, and the widely diverging descriptions of the same event offered by German and Yugoslav authors. The main argument presented here is that the Yugoslav leadership, prompted by both internal and foreign policy considerations, did not shirk from using less-than-honourable methods to achieve its aims. In doing this, the article will also provide insights into the functioning of the historiography of the socialist era when dealing with potentially embarrassing issues.

Aprender a ser narco/macho. Fiesta en La Madriguera de Juan Pablo Villalobos

Resumen: Este artículo propone, a la luz de los estudiosde masculinidades, que las enseñanzas que recibe un narco-junior en la novela Fiesta en la madriguera de Juan Pablo Villalobos se vinculan a las instrucciones machistas que reciben los niños varones: violencia, poder, control de las emociones. El aprendizaje del niño para convertirse en hombre, sin embargo, se ve cuestionado en la novela, a la vez que se pone en duda la masculinidad hegemónica del padre. La formación de Tochtli concluye no cuando es capaz de derramar sangre como un macho, sino cuando descubre que esa sangre lo une a su padre. Palabras clave: narcotráfico, masculinidades, machismo, aprendizaje, formación.Learning to Be Narco/Male. Fiesta en la madrigueraby Juan Pablo Villalobos Abstract: This paper proposes, based on studies of masculinities, that the teachings received by a junior member of a narco group in the novel Fiesta en la madriguera (Party in the Burrow) by Juan Pablo Villalobos, are linked to sexist instructions given to children boys: violence, power, control of emotions. The child’s learning to become a man, however, is questioned in the novel and the hegemonic masculinity of the father is also called into question. Tochtli’s training does not end when he learns to shed blood as do males, but when he discovers that this blood links him to his father.Keywords: drug trafficking, masculinities, machismo, learning, formation.

Amputations in general surgical practice

Amputation is still often viewed as a failure of treatment. The responsibility for performing an amputation may even fall on the most junior member of the surgical team. Whatever the reason for extremity amputation, it should not be viewed as a failure of treatment. Amputation can be the treatment of choice for severe trauma, vascular disease, and tumors. In our setup amputations for vascular and diabetic complications fall under the domain of general surgeons Objective: The purpose of study was to determine the age and sex distribution, incidence of diseases that resulted in amputations, and the level of amputations done in them. Methods: A descriptive study on one hundred patients undergoing limb amputations in general surgical practice at department of Surgery, Mayo hospital Lahore. Inclusion Criteria: All the patients presented to general surgical emergency/OPD with limb pathology Exclusion Criteria: Patients with bone tumors and isolated limb trauma (referred to orthopedic unit). Conclusion: Most amputations in our study were performed in elderly persons for PVD, Diabetes mellitus being the leading cause

Remembering October 19: Reconstructing a Conversation with a Young Female NJM Candidate Member about Her Recollections of October 19, 1983

This chapter presents a narrative account of the tragic events of October 19 that led to the killing of Grenada’s Prime Minister Maurice Bishop and key members of his cabinet. It seeks to recreate the events of the day through the eyes of a junior member of the New Jewel Movement (NJM) who had been summoned to Ft. Rupert (now Ft. George) along with other members of the NJM. The narrative is based on an actual interview with a young woman in her mid-twenties a year following the tragedy. The piece is written from the perspective of the interviewee but shifts in the last paragraph to the perspective of the interviewer who provides the reader with some insight into her responses to the interview.