Consensus Statement of the International Summit on Intellectual Disability and Dementia Related to Nomenclature

A working group of the 2016 International Summit on Intellectual Disability and Dementia was charged to examine the terminology used to define and report on dementia in publications related to intellectual disability (ID). A review of related publications showed mixed uses of terms associated with dementia or causative diseases. As with dementia research in the non-ID population, language related to dementia in the ID field often lacks precision and could lead to a misunderstanding of the condition(s) under discussion, an increasingly crucial issue given the increased global attention dementia is receiving in that field. Most articles related to ID and dementia reporting clinical or medical research generally provide a structured definition of dementia or related terms; social care articles tend toward term use without definition. Toward terminology standardization within studies/reports on dementia and ID, the Summit recommended that a consistent approach is taken that ensures (a) growing familiarity with dementia-related diagnostic, condition-specific, and social care terms (as identified in the working group's report); (b) creating a guidance document on accurately defining and presenting information about individuals or groups referenced; and (c) using definitions and data, such as subjects' ages, sex, level of ID, residential situation, basis for dementia diagnosis, presence of Down syndrome (or other risk conditions), years from diagnosis, and if available, scores on objective measures of changing function, in reports on neuropathologies or cognitive decline or impairment.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcome in Patients with Sphenoid Allergic Fungal Disease

Sphenoid Allergic Fungal Disease is an uncommon disease, usually non-aggressive course, as reported in the literature. It is usually undiagnosed because of its atypical presentation. This series reports four cases of Sphenoid Allergic Fungal Disease presenting with distinct symptoms. This article describes the clinician's experience in the diagnosis and treatment of Sphenoid Allergic Fungal Disease. This article also stresses the importance of competency and expertise of the clinician to be more suspicious of the Sphenoid Allergic Fungal Disease in their routine clinical practice as it is not a usual diagnostic condition. This four-case series will also explain the importance of various investigative procedures and radiological fi ndings to be incorporated as required for diagnosing and treating the cases of Sphenoid Allergic Fungal Disease.

Anger in Pathological Gambling: Clinical, Psychopathological, and Personality Correlates

The aim of this study was to explore the association between pathological gambling (PG) and anger by assessing whether psychopathology and personality are related to PG and to evaluate gender differences. The sample comprised 71 PGs and 37 healthy controls. Anger, psychopathology and personality were assessed with the STAXI-2, SCL-90-R and TCI-R respectively. Gender did not affect anger expression after stratifying by diagnostic condition (p > .05). Among PG patients, anger, psychopathology and personality measures were correlated with good effect-size (r > .30). Scores in the Anger Temperament (B = 0.21, p = .038) and Anger External-Expression (B = 0.27, p = .029) scales were positively associated with PG severity scores. Anger expression in PG should be considered in future treatment programs.

The Review on Fault Diagnosis Methods for Power Batteries in Electric Vehicles

As the only power source of electric vehicles (EVs), power battery pack is also the main fault source in EVs. The faults of power battery affect its performence and life, and even endanger vehicle security in extremly situation. Early fault diagnosis of power batteries can reduce losses, minimize maintenance, guarantee vehicle performence, security and realibility. In this study, the faults of power batteries are summarized, four fault diagnosis methods are concluded and analyzed, and the applicability of each method is compared and discussed. The principle of choosing the diagnosis method is that choosing according to the diagnostic condition.

Experimental osteoarthritis in rabbits: lesion progression

The aim of this study was to evaluate the progression of lesions in different stages of osteoarthritis (OA) experimental by radiography (RX), computed tomography (CT), macroscopic and histopathology, linking these different diagnostic methods, helped to provide information that helps the best time for the therapeutic approach. Four experimental periods were delineated at 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks after induction of OA, known as PI, PII, PIII and PIV, respectively, each with six animals. We evaluated the five compartments of the femorotibial joint: medial femoral condyle (MFC), lateral femoral condyle (LFC), medial tibial plateau (MTP), lateral tibial plateau (LTP) and femoral trochlea (FT). Therefore we established an index by compartment (IC) and by adding such an index was estimated joint femorotibial (IFT). It was observed that the CFM was the compartment with the highest IC also differed significantly (p<0.05) from other compartments. Compartments showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between the PI and PII, however contrary fact occurred between the PII and PIII (p<0.05), PIII and PIV (p<0.01) and between PI and PIV (p<0.001). Similarly the IFT, showed a significant difference in the animals of PIV compared to PI (p<0.001), PII (p<0.001) and PIII (p<0.01), and there was no statistical difference (p> 0.05) between the PI and PII. In the variation of the average interval between periods, there was a higher value between the PIII PIV and for the other intervals of time periods (PI, PII, and PIII-PII). However, these intervals showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Through the RX, CT, macroscopic and histopathological findings, we found similar patterns among individuals within the same period demonstrating a gradual progression of the disease. These results show that between 3 and 6 weeks progression of the lesion is slower and probably also can be reversed in comparison to other ranges where proved further progression between 9 and 12 weeks after induction of trauma OA. These results may provide a better therapeutic approach aimed at reversing the lesions in early stages of OA. We conclude that the interconnection of the four diagnostic methods individually classified into scores, which were unified in both indices in the evaluation by the femorotibial joint compartment and may represent a diagnostic condition closer to the true condition of the injury and its progression.

The Design of Web-Based Ear-Nose-Throat Diagnosis System

In this paper, a web-based remote ENT diagnosis system is proposed. This service model encourages busy modem office workers to frequently understand their health conditions using a convenient manner. The software and hardware components are developed for patients and physicians. At the patient site, the EDH is implemented to acquire patients' symptoms and signs, and these symptoms and signs are recorded as video and audio files using a SDRS program. The SDRS program further transmits hese files and data to the VHS. Physicians may review the EPR through conventional web browser. Finally, tentative diagnostic reports are made for patients’ references. Two case studies are tested to verify the quality of remote diagnosis. Experiment results demonstrated that the proposed remote ENT diagnosis systems successful establish similar ENT diagnostic condition compared to face-to-face diagnoses.

Difficulties in assessing alexithymia in motor and non-motor functional gastrointestinal disorders

IntroductionAlexithymia is said to be an important feature of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGD). Most studies focus on the presence of alexithymia in patients suffering non-motor FGD (NMFGD) but few studies have analyzed its occurrence in motor FGD (MFGD) patients.Objectives- To describe the presence of alexithymia, measured with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), in a sample of FGD inpatients.- To analyze the differences in alexithymia, measured with the TAS-20, between MFGD and NMFGD inpatients.Material and method46 inpatients admitted to the Vall d’Hebron Digestive System Research Unit to study the existence of FGD were evaluated from January 2008 to July 2010. All patients completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20).ResultsThe mean age of the sample was 41.02 ± 16.86 years, 89.1% were women and 10.9% were men. With regard to their diagnostic condition, 31 met criteria of NMFGD, 13 of MFGD, and 2 did not met criteria of both disorders. The mean TAS-20 total score was: 46.24 ± 13.60. MFGD patients obtained a mean score of 45.45 ± 12.53, and patients with NMFGD had a mean score of 45.75 ± 12.53. No statistically significant differences were found between both subtypes with regard to alexithymia.ConclusionsAlexithymia, measured with the TAS-20, may not be present in FGD. Discordances of our results with previous findings in FGD may be due to complex psychosocial factors and to psychometric difficulties in assessing alexithymia in this group of patients.