Differences in the Microarchitectural and Histomorphologic Characteristics Between Glucocorticoid-induced Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head and Alcohol-induced Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head

AimsTo analyze microarchitecture and histomorphology characteristics of different regions in femoral heads from patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head (GIONFH) and alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head (AIONFH). MethodsPatients diagnosed with GIONFH and AIONFH were recruited. Femoral heads were obtained after total hip replacement. Micro-CT was applied to evaluate the microstructure of 9 regions of interest (ROIs) in the femoral head. Along the supero-inferior orientation, the femoral head was divided into necrotic region, reactive interface, and normal region; along the medio-lateral orientation, the femoral head was divided into medial region, central region and lateral region. Decalcified and undecalcified bone histology were then performed to assess histopathological alterations and bone remodeling levels. Results42 GIONFH patients (50 hips) and 43 AIONFH patients (50 hips) anticipated in the study. In the necrotic region, most of the microarchitectural parameters did not differ significantly between GIONFH and AIONFH, whereas both the reactive interface and normal region illustrated significant differences in the microstructure and histomorphometry. The reactive interface and normal region exhibited a less sclerotic microarchitecture, but a higher bone remodeling level in GIONFH as compared with AIONFH. Despite similar necrotic pathological manifestations, subchondral trabecular microfracture in the necrotic region was more severe and vasculature of the reactive interface was more abundant in GIONFH. ConclusionsAlthough these two subtypes of ONFH shared similar microarchitecture and pathological features in the necrotic region, GIONFH exhibited a less sclerotic microarchitecture and a more active bone metabolic status in both the reactive interface and normal region.

THE FACTORS OF THE LATERAL ORIENTATION OF PORTRAITS

This paper analyses the portraits` aesthetic experience from side perspectives, including left and right orientation. Research was conducted by performing two experiments. The first experiment included 40 participants, the second had 26 participants of both genders who were not trained in the field of fine arts. The stimuli were 12 reproductions of portraits, profile orientation, of models made by famous painters. All the portraits represented adult persons, of different genders (male or female), spatial orientation (left or right) of the model and form (original or inverted). The participants assessed the presented portraits without time limitation on six scales, which measured two dimensions of aesthetic experience: evaluation and activity.The results support the hypothesis claiming that left side orientation (looking to the left) is valued higher with female portraits, while right side orientation with male portraits is valued higher. It has also been shown that the given differences in estimation were stable, keeping values in the same trend when the portraits were being inverted along a vertical axis.

Leaf nutrients of two Cycas L. species contrast among in situ and ex situ locations

An understanding of leaf nutrient relations is required for tree conservation and horticulture success. The study of cycad leaf nutrient dynamics has expanded in recent years, but direct comparisons among reports remains equivocal due to varying sampling protocols. We used Cycas micronesica K.D. Hill and Cycas nongnoochiae K.D. Hill trees to determine the influence on leaf nutrient concentrations of in situ versus ex situ locations and orientation of leaves within the tree canopy. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations of leaves from ex situ plants exceeded those from in situ plants, and the differences were not explained by soil nutrient differences. Calcium concentrations of leaves varied among the site pairs, with differences primarily explained by soil calcium. Magnesium concentrations of leaves were not different among all location pairs even though soil magnesium concentrations varied among the sites more than any of the other elements. Differences in leaf macronutrient concentrations among four C. micronesica provenances were minimal when grown in a common garden. Lateral orientation of leaves did not influence any of the essential elements for either of the species. These findings indicate that the lateral orientation of cycad leaves does not influence leaf nutrient concentrations, leaf nutrient relations of cycad plants in managed ex situ settings do not align with leaf nutrient relations in habitat, and these differences are not explained by soil nutrition for most elements. We suggest that leaf nutrient concentrations should be determined in all niche habitats within the geographic range of a cycad species in order to fully understand the leaf physiology of each species.

Orientation Effect on Statics and Natural Frequency of Cantilever Beam

Statics and frequency analyzes are important because the structure can support the static and dynamic loads. Most previous studies of statics and frequency did not involve the gravity load. The previous studies of gravity effect to the cantilever beam included the hanging, horizontal, and inverted positions. The gravity load direction is applied referred to the longitudinal and lateral beam directions in this study. The closer to the inverted position the smaller the natural frequency. The highest values of the maximum displacement and the maximum Von-Mises stress are happened if longitudinal position is horizontal and lateral orientation angle is 0°. The change of lateral orientation angle does not influence the natural frequency in this condition. Keywords—Cantilever beam, gravity load, natural frequency, orientation angle, statics

Orientation Effect on Statics and Natural Frequency of Cantilever Beam

Statics and frequency analyzes are important because the structure can support the static and dynamic loads. Most studies about the statics and frequency are not included the gravity load. The previous studies of gravity effect to the cantilever beam included the hanging, horizontal, and inverted positions. The gravity load direction is applied referred to the longitudinal and lateral beam directions in this study. The closer to the inverted position the smaller the natural frequency. The highest values of the maximum displacement and the maximum Von-Mises stress are happened if longitudinal position is horizontal and lateral orientation angle is 0°. The change of lateral orientation angle does not influence the natural frequency in this condition. Keywords—Cantilever beam, gravity load, natural frequency, orientation angle, statics

Correlations of crystal shape and lateral orientation in bioinspired CaCO3mineralization

Our study shows that in bioinspired mineralization, the crystal shape and lateral orientation are highly correlated instead of being independent.

V-Y Advancement Flap for Defects of the Lid–Cheek Junction

We report a series of 10 patients who underwent inferolaterally based V-Y advancement flaps for reconstruction of defects involving the lower eyelid and infraorbital cheek junction. Defects ranged from 1.7 to 2.9 cm in largest diameter, and patients ranged from 59 to 84 years of age. All patients had excellent functional and cosmetic outcomes without subsequent surgical or laser revision. There were no instances of flap necrosis, hematoma, or ectropion. Vertically oriented V-Y flaps are often underused in this setting largely due to the perceived increase risk of ectropion. We describe a modification of the flap with lateral orientation that both diminishes the downward tension vector, which threatens ectropion, and conceals incision scars within resting tension lines, providing superior functional and aesthetic outcomes. Our series demonstrates that a properly designed and well-executed inferiorly based V-Y advancement flap can be used as a safe reconstructive modality for defects involving the lid–cheek junction.