The crisis answer system of the flood economic damage decrease

In this paper the role and importance basic problems of the crisis answer system of the flood economic damage decrease are considered. The phases of that system and estimate procedure of flood risk are defined, by using scientific methods analysis, synthesis and description. The basic aspects of the economic damage posible decrease are analysed, by using the case study example. The main importace of the flood prevention is emphasized, as a proposal for the crisis management practice. The investment importance of the flood prevention, as the economic justifiable, is emphasized, instead of answer crisis and economic demage restoration investment. The main specifications of the new approaches in the filed of of the floods defence are showed.

FIRM SIZE, TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITY, EXPORTS AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE: THE CASE OF ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY IN MALAYSIA

This paper examines the joint effects of technology and exports on the economic performances of electronics firms in Malaysia. The empirical results based on the Partial Least Square (PLS) estimate procedure show that technological capability plays a multiple role in that it influences both the exports and performance of a firm simultaneously. More importantly, we find evidence that exports act as a mediating variable between technological capability and firm performance. Size is found to influence all three: product capabilities, exports and firm performance but not process capabilities. This paper concludes that researchers, in future studies, need to examine the dynamism between size, technology, exports and performance.

A Novel Point Estimate Procedure for IVR Calculations in Core-Molten Severe Accident

In-Vessel Retention (IVR) of core melt is a key severe accident management strategy adopted by operating nuclear power plants and advanced light water reactors (ALWRs), AP600, AP1000 etc. External Reactor Vessel Cooling (ERVC), which involves flooding the reactor cavity to submerge the reactor vessel in an attempt to cool core debris relocated to the vessel low head, is a novel severe accident management for IVR analysis. In present study, IVR analysis code in severe accident (IVRASA) has been proposed to evaluate the safety margin of IVR in AP600 with anticipative depressurization and reactor cavity flooding in severe accident. For, IVRASA, the point estimate procedure has been developed for modeling the steady-state endpoint of core melt configurations. Furthermore, IVRASA was developed in a more general fashion so that it is applicable to compute various molten configurations such as UCSB FInal Bounding State (FIBS) etc. The results by IVRASA were consistent with those of the UCSB and INEEL. Benchmark calculations of UCSB-assumed FIBS indicate the applicability and accuracy of IVRASA and it could be applied to predict the thermal response of various molten configurations.

Aided Loudness Growth and Satisfaction with Everyday Loudness Perception in Compression Hearing Aid Users

The primary goal of this study was to examine the relationship between listeners' loudness growth and their satisfaction with loudness when wearing wide-dynamic-range compression (WDRC) hearing aids. An absolute-magnitude-estimate procedure was used to obtain listeners' unaided and aided loudness growth functions in response to a 500 and 2000 Hz warble tone. In general, listeners' unaided loudness growth functions were steeper than the average normal-hearing listeners' functions for both frequencies, and their aided loudness growth functions were shallower than their unaided functions. Loudness growth functions tended to be undercompressed for 500 Hz but overcompressed for 2000 Hz. The Profile of Aided Loudness (PAL) questionnaire was administered to determine listeners' loudness satisfaction in everyday listening situations. Most listeners were satisfied with their perception of soft, average, and loud environmental sounds, regardless of how well or not well their WDRC aids normalized their aided loudness growth. La meta primaria de este estudio fue examinar la relación entre el crecimiento de la apreciación subjetiva de la intensidad (sonoridad) en el oyente y su satisfacción con dicha sonoridad ante el uso de auxiliares auditivos con compresión de rango dinámico amplio (WDRC). Se utilizó un procedimiento de estimación absoluta de la magnitud para obtener en los sujetos las funciones de crecimiento de la sonoridad, con amplificación y sin ella, en respuesta a tonos modulados de 500 y 2000 Hz. En general, las funciones de crecimiento en la sonoridad sin amplificación mostraron una pendiente más pronunciada que dichas funciones para normo-oyentes, en ambas frecuencias, y en las mismas funciones con amplificación, las pendientes fueron menos profundas, que en aquellas sin amplificación. Las funciones de sonoridad tendieron a estar sub-comprimidas en 500 Hz pero sobre-comprimidas en 2000Hz. Se administró el cuestionario del Perfil de Sonoridad con Amplificación (PAL) para determinar la satisfacción del oyente a este incremento subjetivo de la intensidad en situaciones auditivas cotidianas. La mayor parte de los sujetos estuvieron satisfechos con su percepción de sonidos ambientales suaves, promedio y fuertes, independientemente de cuán bien sus auxiliares auditivos con WDRC normalizaran este crecimiento en la sonoridad.

Spectral Simulation With Nist-Nih Desktop Spectrum Analyzer (Dtsa): A Critical Tool for Estimating Limits of Detection

X-ray microanalysis often must estimate limits of detection for specific specimen compositions to optimize analytical strategy and to adequately describe results. Several approaches are available which make use of experimentally measured spectra to obtain peak and local background intensities. One of the oldest and simplest involves the use of pure element spectra. However, such an estimate procedure does not take into account the matrix effects, particularly absorption, which can be quite important in defining limits of detection in a particular multi-element composition. If a microhomogeneous standard is available with the appropriate matrix that also contains the other constituent(s) of interest at a known level, ideally at a minor constituent level (0.01 to 0.1 mass fraction), then the limit of detection, CDL, can be estimated through the use of the expression: