Effect of Periosteum Preservation On The Bone Healing Rate After in Situ Replantation of Autogenous Skull Grafts Preserved In Vivo

Objective: To investigate the effect of the periosteum-preserving method on the bone healing rate after in situ replantation of autologous cranial bone flaps preserved in vivo. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 99 patients who underwent autologous skull repair from January 2011 to December 2014. The 49 patients treated from January 2011 to December 2012 were divided into the nonperiosteum group, and the 51 patients treated from January 2013 to December 2014 were divided into the periosteum group. The autogenous cranial flaps of the two groups were preserved subcutaneously in vivo. Early in situ replantation was performed within 4-8 weeks after the operation. CT was performed regularly within 1, 6, 12, 24 and 60 months after the operation to observe the healing rate and bone resorption of the autogenous cranial flaps. Results: At 1, 6, 12, 24 and 60 months after the operation, the skull healing rate in the periosteum group (0%, 41.176%, 74.510%, 100%, and 100%, respectively) was significantly higher than that in the nonperiosteum group (0%, 14.286%, 36.735%, 59.184%, and 75.510%, respectively). At 60 months after the operation, the bone resorption rate of 0% in the periosteum group was significantly lower than the 14.286% in the nonperiosteum group. The infection rate of 0% in the periosteum group was significantly lower than the 10.204% in the nonperiosteum group. The re-repair rate of 0% in the periosteum group was significantly lower than the 12.245% in the nonperiosteum group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of subcutaneous effusion between the periosteum group (5.882%) and the nonperiosteum group (6.122%). Conclusion: Preservation of the periosteum and early in situ replantation of skull bone flaps preserved in vivo can increase the bone healing rate of the skull, reduce the infection rate, and reduce the probability of postoperative autogenous bone resorption.

A dual regulatory effect of naringenin on bone homeostasis in two diabetic mice models

Objective: Naringenin (NAR), a flavanone in citrus fruits, has been reported to have both anti-diabetic and anti-osteoporotic effects. This study aimed to explore the effect of NAR on bone homeostasis under diabetic condition. Methods: High fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 1 diabetic (T1DM) and leptin receptor knockout (db/db) type 2 diabetic (T2DM) mice were used to evaluate NAR effects. Melbine (DMBG) was administrated as positive control. Body weight and fasting blood glucose were monitored weekly and monthly. After 8 weeks and 74 days treatment, bone mass was evaluated by microcomputed tomography ([Formula: see text]CT) including BV/TV, Tb.N, and Tb.Th, as well as histological and histomorphometric detection. Bone resorption rate indicated by C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTIX) and N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) was examined by ELISA assays. Results: NAR treatment reduced body weight and blood glucose in both diabetic models, and had better hypoglycemic effect than DMBG at early stage. High fat diet and STZ-treated mice lost while db/db mice gained bone mass. NAR improved bone microarchitecture by regulating the related parameters to the similar levels as the control. Osteoblast activity was little affected, but osteoclast function was decreased in NAR-treated STZ mice. Consistently, NAR reduced bone resorption rate which was increased in both diabetic models. Conclusion: NAR exerts an anti-diabetic effect by lowering elevated level of blood glucose, regulating impaired bone mass, and reducing overactivated bone resorption rate in T1DM and T2DM conditions. Naringenin has a potential to prevent diabetes induced impairment in bone.

A study of the role of calcium and oxidative stress in pathophysiology of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women-a review

The aim of this review was to identify the role of calcium and oxidative stress as factors associated with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. There are many diseases related to post-menstruation in women, the most important of which is osteoporosis. Calcium levels remains stable until menopause, when the bone resorption rate increases in association with the decrease in ovarian estrogen production that effect the intestinal calcium absorption. On the other hand, studies support that oxidative stress is directly involved in the genesis and development of osteoporosis. However, Oxidative stress blocks the activation of osteoblasts and activates the differentiation of osteoclasts which led to increased resorption rate without adequate and proper bone formation. In conclusion, Physiological changes in postmenopausal women lead to fluctuations in calcium metabolism and oxidative stress, which may lead to the occurrence or development of osteoporosis.

Subantral augmentation with a 1/1 alloplastic and autologous material mixture. Histological characteristics and dimensional stability of the newly formed bone

Background and aim. The maxillary sinus augmentation procedure is the most frequent method used to prepare the posterior maxillary area, with bone deficit, for the placement of dental implants. For this purpose, several types of materials have been used as bone grafts, each of these materials having a number of advantages and disadvantages. The present study is aimed at evaluating the histological and volumetric properties of an alloplastic and autologous material mixture. Patients and methods. The study included 7 selected patients who underwent subantral bone augmentation with a 1/1 autologous and alloplastic material mixture. Subsequently, at the time of dental implant placement, biological samples were taken from the bone augmentation area and were histologically analyzed. The subantral bone resorption rate was also evaluated in parallel. Results. Histological examination evidenced the presence of residual amorphous material in the bone augmentation area. The mean bone resorption rate was 15.15%. The presence of a high bone resorption rate was correlated with the presence of a smaller residual amorphous material amount in the subantral bone augmentation area. Conclusions. The association of autologous and alloplastic material for subantral bone augmentation improves the characteristics of the two material types.