Structural, Morphological and Physical Properties of TiH2 Incorporated Hydroxyapatite

Titanium incorporated hydroxyapatite preparation was endeavored using TiH2. Titanium has good mechanical properties, good biocompatibility and bioactivity. Titanium incorporated hydroxyapatite material prepared for orthopedic applications were reported to be better mechanical properties. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) was synthesized by wet chemical facile method and after calcination was mixed with TiH2 (5 to 20%).The effect of sintering on phase formation, microstructure, density and porosity of Hap/TiH2was studied by sintering at temperatures from 900°C to 1200°C. The properties of the samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Fourier transform spectroscopy (FT-IR), density and porosity. The results from studies showed the presence of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and perovskite (CaTiO3) as the major crystalline phases; while minor reaction products like α-TCP and TTCP were also recorded for samples with higher amount of TiH2irrespective of sintering temperatures. Morphology evaluation by SEM revealed the presence of CaTiO3needle structure at temperature till 1000°C, above which it appeared hexagonal due to crystal growth. Functional groups, density and porosity were also studied.

Tris-bipyridine based dinuclear ruthenium(ii)–osmium(iii) complex dyads grafted onto TiO2 nanoparticles for mimicking the artificial photosynthetic Z-scheme

A Ru(ii)–Os(iii) dyad was grafted on TiO2 to achieve Z-scheme charge separation, but photoinduced electron transfer was shown to be a minor reaction pathway in this system.

Computational Studies on O(3P) +CHF2 Reaction Mechanism

The reaction of oxygen atom with difluoric methyl radical has been studied using DFT method at 6-311++g** level. All the geometries, vibration frequencies and energies of different stationary points are calculated by B3LYP/6-311++G** and the results agree with the experimental values. The relationship and the changes among them can confirm the mechanism of the reaction and the process of electron transfer. Through the analysis, the major reaction channel and the minor reaction channel are confirmed.

Ammonia Detection by Dye Immobilized Microstructured Optical Fiber

An optical ammonia probe was fabricated based on Microstructured Polymer Optical Fiber (MPOFs) modified by eosin doped silica gel films.The structure of this probe was based on microstructured polymer optical fibers with microholes and these microholes could be used as the substrate of sensing materials and minor reaction pools. The sensing properties of the optical fiber sensor to gaseous ammonia were investigated at room temperature. The sensing probe showed different fluorescence intensity at 576 nm to different concentrations of trace ammonia in carrier gas of nitrogen. The response range was 20-350 ppm, with short response time within 600 ms.

The German Labour Market Miracle

This paper lays out the various reasons for the exceptional performance of the German labour market during and after the Great Recession of 2008/9. The reference point of our analysis is provided by an empirical model of both total hours worked and employment. We conduct dynamic simulations of the crisis period to assess how surprising the reaction of the labour market really was. We argue that the most important precondition for the minor reaction of employment during this crisis was the pronounced wage moderation observed in the years before, which constitutes a distinct difference to all other recessions in Germany. Beyond that, the flexibility of adjusting working time, which has increased considerably during the past ten years, facilitated a tendency to labour hoarding. In contrast, short-time work plays a minor role in explaining the difference from previous recessions, since this instrument has always been available to firms in Germany and its use has not been extraordinary compared with earlier recessions.

Growth and cropping of two cultivars of peach and nectarine in the conditions of the Sandomierska Plateau

In this experiment, the growth of peach and nectarine trees was determined to be related to the cultivar. ‘Inka’ peach trees grew weaker than ‘Harbinger’ trees. The ‘John Rivers’ nectarine was characterized by stronger growth than the ‘Harko’. The amount of crops produced by the trees was related to the cultivar and the meteorological conditions during winter and spring. ‘Inka’ produced higher yields and bigger fruits as compared to ‘Harbinger’. The ‘Harko’ cultivar provided significantly higher yields than the ‘John Rivers’ only in 2006. Peach and nectarine fruit production in the Sandomierska Plateau in the years 2004 − 2007 was risky. In 2006, damage to the flower buds during winter caused no crop yield in young peach trees and the older ones of the ‘Harbinger’ cultivar. A minor reaction to the temperature drop, down to -26.8oC, was found for nectarines in comparison with peach trees. In 2007, the spring frost injured flower pistils and caused a lack of crops from the studied cultivars.

Reaction of t-Butoxy Radicals With Cyclic Alkenes Studied by the Nitroxide Radical-Trapping Technique

The pattern of reactions occurring between t- butoxy radicals and a number of cyclic alkenes has been investigated by the nitroxide radical-trapping technique. The major reaction pathway is allylic abstraction unless this position is at a bridgehead as in norbornene where the major pathway is radical addition. The technique is sufficiently sensitive to identify minor reaction pathways of non-allylic substitution and radical addition when in the presence of extensive allylic substitution. Some stereoselective effects are also detected.

Oxidations with lead tetraacetate. V. Oxidations of 1,3-benzoxathioles

2,2-Disubstituted 1,3-benzoxathioles are easily oxidized by lead tetraacetate to a complex mixture of products. Acetoxylation takes place on the first carbon atom of the 2-alkyl or -cycloalkyl sub- stituent giving acetoxy derivatives. The hetero ring is also opened yielding ketones, acetoxyketones, a disulfide and polymeric materials. Oxidation at the sulfur atom appears to be a minor reaction and no products oxidized in the benzene ring are found.