Development of fishing vessel shipyard in traditional Lampulo, Banda Aceh

The construction of ships at the Lampulo shipyard has not all used the rules according to naval architecture. But there may be ineffectiveness in the use of raw materials such as a lot of wasted wood volume. This research was conducted to know the types of wood and equipment used for traditional shipbuilding and know the process of traditional shipbuilding. This research used a survey method and data was collected by interviewing and observation. This research is located in the Kutaraja Ocean Fishery Port, Banda Aceh conducted from March to April 2021. The results showed that the types of wood commonly used as raw materials for shipbuilding in traditional shipyards were bangkirai wood (Shore Laevifolia Endert), laban wood (Vitex Punesceus Vahl), balau wood (Hopea Calebica Burck), meranti merah wood (Shorea Acuminata Dyer), tembusu wood (Fagraea Fragrans Roxb), bungur wood (Lagerstroemia Speciosa Pers), and merbau wood (Intsia Bijuga). The equipment used still uses non-electronic equipment, only drill work that uses electricity. Meanwhile, the traditional shipbuilding process generally begins with laying the keel and installing the crest. Next, continued by frames installation, hull plank then upper hull main frame. Hereinafter, deck floor installation, hatches manufacture, and superstructure construction. The final stage of shipbuilding process is machining, painting, installing engines, propellers, and steering. Thus it can be said that the construction of a fishing vessel in Lampulo still traditionally a hereditary habits.

Utilization of Wood Vinegar as a Natural Preservative for Sengon Wood (Falcataria moluccana Miq.) against Fungal Attack (Schizophyllum commune Fries)

Most wood supplied from forests currently has a low level of durability and vulnerable to wood-destroying organisms attacks. Sengon wood (Falcataria moluccana Miq.) is classified as low durable class wood (class IV-V); hence wood preservation is needed to protect from the attacks of wood-destroying organisms. One of the eco-friendly materials that can be used for wood preservation is wood vinegar. This study aims to analyze the influence of wood vinegar from tembesu (Fagraea fragrans) and rengas (Gluta renghas) on the durability of sengon wood against Schizophyllum commune Fries fungus. The results showed that wood parts and types of wood vinegar significantly affected preservative retention, absorption, penetration, and weight loss. Some of the chemical compounds contained in tembesu and rengas wood vinegar can inhibit the growth of fungi: (1) acetic acid (CAS) ethylic acid, (2) 2-propanone, 1-hydroxy- (CAS) acetol, (3) phenol, 2-methoxy- (CAS) guaiacol, and (4) phenol (CAS) izal. Preservation of wood using tembesu and rengas wood vinegar with a concentration of 70% could increase the resistance of sengon wood and improve sengon wood’s durability into very resistant (durability class I) against S. commune fungus attacks.Keywords: Falcataria moluccana, wood durability, wood parts, wood vinegar

AGROFORESTRI TEMBESU (Fagraea fragrans) BERBASIS KELAPA SAWIT DI KABUPATEN MUARO JAMBI

Kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis) di Provinsi Jambi menjadi salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang memiliki trend pertumbuhan positif. Pada tahun 2015 luas areal kelapa sawit di Jambi sudah mencapai 559.697 ha dengan jumlah produksi 1.963.197 ton. Hal ini didukung oleh peningkatan konversi hutan menjadi kebun kelapa sawit di Jambi sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk mengurangi laju konversi dengan mengembangkan sistem agroforestri kompleks. Sistem agroforestri ini mampu menjadi alternatif yang prospektif untuk menyeimbangkan tujuan ekonomi sekaligus ekologi. Lahan kebun kelapa sawit sangat potensial untuk pengembangan tanaman sela (intercropping) sebagai tanaman campuran dalam pola agroforestrymisalnya dicampur dengan pohon tembesu (Fagraea fragrans).Tembesu merupakan salah satu jenis kayu andalan yang populer diSumatera Bagian Selatan (Sumatera Selatan, Jambi dan Lampung), memiliki nilai ekonomi dan nilai budaya yangtinggi bagi masyarakat lokal.Jenis tanaman hutan yang dipilih untuk kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah tembesu (Fagraea fragrans) dan kelapa sawit (Elaeis guinensis). Tembesu merupakan pohon penghasil kayu untuk tujuan kayu pertukangan dengan karakteristik kayu yang memiliki kelas kuat I-II dan kelas awet I sehingga bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Sedangkan kelapa sawit sebagai primadona tanaman perkebunan yang menjadi sumber penghasil devisa non migas. Kelompok Tani Sumber Rejeki dan Kelompok Tani Bintang Muda di Desa Mudung Darat, Kecamatan Maro Sebo, Kabupaten Muaro Jambi memiliki tanggapan positif terhadap kegiatan pengabdian ini. Hal ini terlihat dari sikap kebersamaan dalam mengambil keputusan dan mengkoordinasikan anggota untuk mempersiapkan kelancaran dalam kegiatan pengabdian yang akan dilaksanakan.