CHANGES IN THE PLASMA ELECTROLYTES OF FRESH WATER TELEOST FISH LABEO ROHITA EXPOSED TO SUBLETHAL CONCENTRATION OF MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE (MSG)

Background: Extensive usage of MSG in numerous food products as taste enhancer, and continuous release of efuents from Feed additive industries pose a threat to aquatic organisms.MSG induced cellular damages were reported in laboratory animals but there were no reports of MSG induced stress to shes. Methods: Fish Labeo rohita exposed to sublethal concentration of MSG (150mg/L) for 15 days and plasma electrolytes level were estimated. Results: MSG is toxic to sh even in sub lethal concentration. Decrease in plasma electrolytes during initial exposure to MSG may be due to + + disturbances in the membrane permeability of gills or inhibition of Na K ATP-ase activity in the gills. Elevated plasma electrolytes in MSG exposed sh may be due to efux of ions from their tissues there by indicating severe imbalance in the osmoregulation phenomena. Conclusion: MSG is toxic to sh and caused severe osmotic imbalance. Prolonged consumption of MSG through food as well as MSG intoxicated sh may affect human health via ecological cycling and biological magnication and cause serious health hazards like susceptibility to infectious diseases and even cancer

Zinc induced leucocyte anomalies in the fresh water teleost Clarias batrachus

Changes in Differential Leucocyte Count (DLC) were evaluated in the blood of the fish species Clarias batrachus and this was used as an in situ indicator of the species’ exposure to zinc.Due to feeding and living in the aquatic environments, fish are particularly vulnerable and are heavily exposed to pollution because they cannot escape from the detrimental effects of pollutants. In the present study, the effects of zinc on the DLC(small and large lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinphils and basophils) were examined under three different concentrations of zinc (1.00 ppm, 3.00 ppm and 6.00 ppm) during 7, 14, 21 and 28 days exposure period. During examination, the percentage of both lymphocytes were significantly lower as exposure time and concentration increased while in the case of neurtophils and monocytes, counts, were higher. Eosinophils showed slight increase whereas basophils showed fluctuations in their results. The study of this research infers that the essential metal in undesirable condition can affect the fish health. DLC represents a suitable biomarker of environmental health and provides a tool for biomonitoring water quality.

ZINC AND CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION TO COMBAT CADMIUM INDUCED BIOACCUMULATION IN FRESH WATER TELEOST OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS (TILAPIA)

Objective: The present work was carried out to know the therapeutic role of zinc (Zn) and calcium (Ca) supplementation to combat cadmium (Cd) induced toxicity in selected tissues of freshwater teleost, Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia) exposed to Cd.Methods: The freshwater fish, Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia) was brought from the local ponds and were allowed for acclimatization to the laboratory conditions. After acclimatization, fishes were exposed to 1/10th of LC50/48 hr of Cd i.e.5 ppm for 7, 15 and 30days (d) long sojourn. After 15d Cd exposure, fish were divided into three groups. The 1st group was supplemented with Zn at a dose of 1 ppm; Group–II was supplemented with Ca at the dose of 1 ppm and Group–III received a combination of both Zn and Ca at the above said doses for 7, 15 and 30d. After specific time intervals, fish were sacrificed and liver, kidney, brain, gill and muscle tissues were isolated in ice cold conditions. Then the tissues were used for bioaccumulation studies.Results: A significant (P<0.05) elevation was observed in bioaccumulation levels during Cd exposure. The high amount of Cd accumulation was found in 30d Cd-exposed kidney (22.353±0.410 µg/g) followed by other tissues. After supplementation with Zn and Ca, Cd accumulation was progressively decreased in all the test tissues. The maximum percentage of Cd depletion was found in 30d Ca-supplemented muscle tissue.Conclusion: Our findings clearly envisage that the Zn and/or Ca supplementation is very effective in reducing the Cd toxicity in the teleostean fish, Oreochromis mossambicus.

ALTERATION IN PROTEIN AND GLUCOSE LEVEL IN THE OVARY OF A FRESH WATER CAT FISH HETEROPNEUSTES FOSSILIS (BLOCH) EXPOSED TO TEXTILE DYES

Problems of water quality with particular refer to Natural and Synthetic Chemicals have greatly intensified during recent past. The most dangerous fact of these chemicals is that, they do not decay and/or for break down readily in natural environment. Once incorporated in a food web, they pass along and accumulate in the highest member of web. Fish being at high trophic level, also gets affected through food chain. Among aquatic pollutants, dyes, pigments and effluents from textile industry are of utmost importance, which affect the life processes of aquatic organisms. The present study is undertaken to assess the toxic effects of chronic exposure to textile dyes, on protein and glucose level in female gonads of fresh water teleost Heteropneustesfossilis. A decline in ovarian protein and glucose indicates adverse effects of textile dyes on the reproductive physiology of fish.