Multiple Exposures Enhance Both Item Memory and Contextual Memory Over Time

Repetition learning is an efficient way to enhance memory performance in our daily lives and educational practice. However, it is unclear to what extent repetition or multiple exposures modulate different types of memory over time. The inconsistent findings on it may be associated with encoding strategy. In this study, participants were presented with pairs of pictures (same, similar, and different) once (see section “Experiment 1”) or three times (see section “Experiment 2”) and were asked to make a same/similar/different judgment. By this, an elaborative encoding is more required for the “same” and “similar” conditions than the “different” condition. Then after intervals of 10 min, 1 day, and 1 week, they were asked to perform a recognition test to discriminate a repeated and a similar picture, followed by a remember/know/guess assessment and a contextual judgment. The results showed that after learning the objects three times, both item memory and contextual memory improved. Multiple exposures enhanced the hit rate for the “same” and “similar” conditions, but did not change the false alarm rate significantly. The recollection, rather than the familiarity, contributed to the repetition effect. In addition, the memory enhancement was manifested in each encoding condition and retention interval, especially for the “same” condition and at 10-min and 1-day intervals. These results clarify how repetition influences item and contextual memories during discriminative learning and suggest that multiple exposures render the details more vividly remembered and retained over time when elaborative encoding is emphasized.

Mechanics Performance of Complex High Titanium Heavy Slag Reinforcement Concrete Beam

Through the anti-bending performance of the normal section experiment on four complex high titanium heavy slag reinforcement concrete beams and two ordinary RC beams, we compare them with concrete strength and longitudinal reinforcement ratio as parameters, and explore the performance of complex high titanium heavy slag reinforcement concrete beams on supporting capacity, crack, stiffness and ductility. The results show that, under the same conditions designed, the performance of complex high titanium heavy slag reinforcement concrete beams on the cracking moment, ultimate moment, the average crack width, stiffness and ductility is better than that of ordinary RC beams, presenting a typical normal section destruction. The findings of the present study provides reference to the application of complex high titanium heavy slag concrete into engineer structuring.

SMALL t PHYSICS AT THE TEVATRON COLLIDER

The first physics run of the superconducting Tevatron Collider at Fermilab ended this morning. I will present a status report on the progress of the small angle elastic scattering and total cross section experiment, E710. The goals of this experiment are to measure the total proton-antiproton cross section from √s=300 to 2000 GeV, the slope of the diffraction peak and ρ, the ratio of the real to imaginary part of the forward scattering amplitude, at these energies.