To substantiation of the list of hazardous highly toxic chemicals that are subject to special control regarding handling, storage, use and disposal. Part 1 (ricin, thallium compounds and organophosphorus compounds)

ABSTRACT. The Aim of the Research. Based on an analytical review of literature data, to identify a group of highly toxic chemicals which over the past decades are most often used in deliberate criminal and suicidal incidents, sabotage and terrorist act; the traffic, storage, use and disposal of which must be especially carefully monitored by law enforcement agencies. Materials and Methods. An analytical review of scientific publications was carried out using the abstract databases of scientific libraries Pub Med, Medline and text databases of scientific publishing houses Elsevier, Pub Med, Central, BMJ group as well as other VIP databases. Methods of systemic, comparative, and content analysis were used. Results and Conclusions. The scientific publications on hazardous highly toxic chemicals, which over the past quarter century are most often used in the world, notably in deliberate criminal and suicidal incidents, sabotage, and terrorist acts, are being analysed. It was found that these chemicals mainly include ricin, thallium compounds, organophosphorus compounds, as well as chemical warfare agents, arsenic and its compounds, cyanides, and inorganic water-soluble mercury compounds (mercury bichloride, sodium merthiolate), as well as paraquat and diquat pesticides. Based on the analysis of their toxicity, clinical and morphological expression of intoxication with various routes of entry into the body, the need to include them in the List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, whose traffic, storage, use, and disposal require stricter control of law enforcement agencies, is justified. The first part of this article presents ricin, thallium compounds, organophosphorus compounds, and chemical warfare agents. Key Words: hazardous highly toxic chemicals, ricin, thallium compounds, organophosphorus compounds.

An insight into triel bonds in O,O'-diarylphosphorodithioates of thallium(I): Experimental and theoretical investigations

The vital role of triel bonding (TrB) has been highlighted in two new thallium compounds i.e. Tl+[{(4-C2H5)C6H4O}2PS2]2- (1) and Tl[{(4-(CH)CH3)2C6H4O}2PS2]2 (2). These new compounds have been characterized by elemental and...

Complex Therapy of Acute Poisoning by Thallium Compounds (Literature review and data from own research)

The Aim of the Research. Based on the analysis of modern literature data and our own research to substantiate the principles of rational complex therapy with acute poisoning by thallium compounds (Tl+) at different stages of intoxication. Materials and Methods. The analysis of literature data and our own researches is carried out and the principles of rational complex therapy with acute poisoning by thallium compounds at different stages of intoxication development are substantiated and the algorithm of doctors’ actions at suspicion of acute Tl+ poisoning is defined. Results and Conclusions. The principles of complex therapy of acute Tl+ poisonings substantiated, which includes antidote therapy, methods of extracorporeal treatment (plasmapheresis, hemosorption, hemodialysis), treatment of toxic encephalopolyradiculoneuropathy, neuropathic pain syndrome and toxic liver damage. The sequence of appearance of the main symptoms of intoxication at low and high doses of Tl+ is determined, which allows to assume poisoning by this toxicant. Key Words: thallium, acute poisoning, complex therapy.

Acute oral and inhalation thallium poisonings and their remote consequences (literature review and data from our own research)

Aim of the Research. To generalize modern literature data on the toxicity of thallium compounds (Tl+), the mechanisms of their toxic effects and to analyze the prevalence of acute Tl+ poisonings in recent years abroad and in Ukraine. Compare the features of the clinical manifestations and outcome of Tl+ intoxications with the dose received and the content of Tl+ in biological media. Methods and Materials. A scientific analysis of literature data and our own observations on the prevalence, characteristics of clinical manifestations and outcomes of acute poisoning with thallium compounds was carried out. Results. An increase in the prevalence of single and group cases of acute Tl+ poisoning in recent years both abroad and in Ukraine has been revealed. It was established that among the clinical manifestations of Tl+ poisoning, neurological disorders, gastrointestinal and dermatological symptoms predominate, the severity of which in most cases depends on the content of Tl+ in biological media, mainly in urine and nails. Conclusions. Diagnosis of acute Tl+ poisoning in most cases is delayed or posthumous. When combining previous gastrointestinal and dermatological disorders with painful paresthesias and ascending sensory and motor disorders of innervation in the lower and upper extremities, it is necessary to conduct a chemical-analytical determination of Tl in the patient’s biological media to exclude or confirm intoxication. Key Words: thallium, mechanisms of toxic effects, acute poisoning, diagnostics.

Evaluation of chemical speciation on Lp (p = l, α, η, β) X-ray emission peaks of thallium compounds with a wavelength-dispersive spectrometer

The measurements of X-ray emission lines in atomic decay to the L-shell of thallium compounds were performed using a laboratory source-based conventional wavelength dispersive spectrometer.

Low lattice thermal conductivity and promising thermoelectric figure of merit of Zintl type TlInTe2

Thallium compounds as promising bulk thermoelectric materials.