A generalized TODIM-ELECTRE II method based on linguistic Z-numbers and Dempster–Shafer evidence theory with unknown weight information

How to effectively reflect the randomness and reliability of decision information under uncertain circumstances, and thereby improve the accuracy of decision-making in complex decision scenarios, has become a crucial topic in the field of uncertain decision-making. In this article, the loss –aversion behavior of decision-makers and the non-compensation between attributes are considered. Furthermore, a novel generalized TODIM-ELECTRE II method under the linguistic Z-numbers environment is proposed based on Dempster–Shafer evidence theory for multi-criteria group decision-making problems with unknown weight information. Firstly, the evaluation information and its reliability are provided simultaneously by employing linguistic Z-numbers, which have the ability to capture the arbitrariness and vagueness of natural verbal information. Then, the evaluation information is used to derive basic probability assignments in Dempster–Shafer evidence theory, and with the consideration of both inner and outer reliability, this article employed Dempster’s rule to fuse evaluations. Subsequently, a generalized TODIM-ELECTRE II method is conceived under the linguistic Z-numbers environment, which considers both compensatory effects between attributes and the bounded rationality of decision-makers. In addition, criteria weights are obtained by applying Deng entropy which has the ability to deal with uncertainty. Finally, an example of terminal wastewater solidification technology selection is offered to prove this framework’s availability and robustness. The predominance is also verified by a comparative analysis with several existing methods.

Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Rapidly Solidified Al-Si Systems by Chill Block Melt-Spinning Technique.

AlـSi alloys with compositions (0, 0.1, 0.5, 0.9 and 1.3 wt.% Si) were manufactured by chill block melt spinning method. The resulting ribbons samples have been characterized by xـray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Detailed analysis of (XRD) shows that presence of f.c.c Al solid solution and Si particles embedded within the aluminum grains. Microstructural examination resulted that microstructure of the melt spun ribbons are more fine and uniformly distributed. Rapid solidification technology led to increase the solubility of Si in αـAl as confirmed by XRD. Micro hardness measurements were also carried out by Vickers microـhardness tester at applied load 25gm forced and different dwell time. It is concluded that the Vickers hardness values are sensitive to applied load and indentation time. It is also found that the highest values of Hv is sensitive to presence of Si as columnar shape with fine grained of Al by high cooling rate.

Self-microemulsion Technology for Water-insoluble Drug Delivery

: According to the drug discovery, approximately 40% of the new chemical entities show poor bioavailability due to their low aqueous solubility. In order to increase the solubility of the drugs, self-micro emulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) are considered as an ideal technology for enhancing the permeability of poorly soluble drugs in GI membranes. The SMEDDS are also generally used to enhance the oral bioavailability of the hydrophobic drugs. At present, most of the self-microemulsion drugs are liquid dosage forms, which could cause some disadvantages, such as the low bioavailability of the traditional liquid SMEDDS. Therefore, solid self-micro emulsifying drug delivery systems (S-SMEDDS) have emerged widely in recent years, which were prepared by solidifying a semi-solid or liquid self-emulsifying (SE) ingredient into a powder in order to improve stability, treatment and patient compliance. The article gives a comprehensive introduction of the study of SMEDDS which could effectively tackle the problem of the water-insoluble drug, especially the development of solidification technology of SMEDDS. Finally, the present challenges and the prospects in this field were also discussed.