Aging Behavior of Al- and Ga- Stabilized Li7La3Zr2O12 Garnet-Type, Solid-State Electrolyte Based on Powder and Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction

Li7La3Zr2O12 garnet (LLZO) belongs to the most promising solid electrolytes for the development of solid-state Li batteries. The stability of LLZO upon exposure to air is still a matter of discussion. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive study on the aging behavior of Al-stabilized LLZO (space group (SG) Ia3¯d) and Ga-stabilized LLZO (SG I4¯3d) involving 98 powder and 51 single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. A Li+/H+ exchange starts immediately on exposure to air, whereby the exchange is more pronounced in samples with smaller particle/single-crystal diameter. A slight displacement of Li from interstitial Li2 (96h) toward the regular tetrahedral Li1 (24d) sites occurs in Al-stabilized LLZO. In addition, site occupancy at the 96h site decreases as Li+ is exchanged by H+. More extensive hydration during a mild hydrothermal treatment of samples at 90 °C induces a structural phase transition in Al-LLZO to SG I4¯3d with a splitting of the 24d site into two independent tetrahedral sites (i.e., 12a and 12b), whereby Al3+ solely occupies the 12a site. Li+ is preferably removed from the interstitial 48e site (equivalent to 96h). Analogous effects are observed in Ga-stabilized LLZO, which has SG I4¯3d in the pristine state.

The effect of collimation on the dynamics of two meteoroid fragments of the same size

The article analyzes the problem of the supersonic flight of two meteoroid fragments of the same size in the framework of two-dimensional plane formulation using the multigrid method for modeling the dynamics of a system of bodies. Initially, the bodies followed each other with a slight displacement of the body located behind, perpendicular to the direction of motion. The variable parameter was the density of the body located behind. Collisions between bodies were calculated according to the formulas of perfectly inelastic impact without adherence of the bodies. It is shown that there are three different modes of system dynamics: spreading with forcing the leading body in the transverse direction, the oscillations of the lagging body in the trace of the leading body, and the gradual lagging the body located behind from the leading body. Depending on its density oscillations of the lagging body are either diverging in nature with its ejection on the head shock wave from the leading body, or of a damped nature with the ejection into the region of the far trace of the leading body. The configuration of the joint flight of bodies directly one after another is not realized.

Effects of “starch:water” ratio on gelatinization of pinhão starch from nine germplasm collections, measured by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Native starch was extracted from nine germplasm collections of Araucaria angustifolia seeds in aqueous medium and they were characterized by Pasting Properties (RVA), X-ray Powder Diffractometry (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The gelatinization process of each sample was evaluated at different ratios of starch:water by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). A slight displacement in the gelatinization curves was observed for the pinhão starches prepared with different amounts of water. With an increase in water content, most of the samples presented a decrease in the peak, the conclusion temperatures, and the range of gelatinization temperatures, while the enthalpy did not follow a standard behavior. A displacement or a narrowing of the gelatinization temperature range occurred with increasing water content. Pinhão starch showed pasting temperature in the range of 60-67 °C and there were differences in the pasting properties and degree of relative crystallinity between the analyzed samples. The C-type diffraction pattern was found for all the samples and the morphology of starch granules was similar, with oval and round shapes. Therefore, different characteristics were found among starches from nine germplasm collections, encouraging the protection of the biological diversity of selected species, aiming at future applications.

Techniques and Tips for Freehand Placement of C7 Pedicle Screws With Respect to Cervicothoracic Constructs: 2-Dimensional Operative Video

We present a surgical video highlighting the technical pearls for C7 pedicle screw placement with respect to cervicothoracic constructs. Pedicle screw placement into C7 has been shown to enhance the biomechanical stability of both cervical and cervicothoracic constructs and is safe for patient related outcomes.1,2 Rod placement across the cervicothoracic junction is known to be difficult because of the variable starting point of the C7 pedicle screw, which may cause misalignment of the polyaxial heads with respect to the C7 and C6 screw heads. Using our step-wise method of anatomic screw placement, this potential pitfall is minimized. The T1 pedicle screw is placed first. The C6 lateral mass screw starting point is displaced slightly superiorly from the midpoint of the lateral mass in order to make room for the polyaxial head of the C7 pedicle screw. A small laminotomy is performed in order to find the medial border of the C7 pedicle. Palpation of the medial border allows for an approximation of the pedicle limits. The cranial-caudal angle of drilling is perpendicular to the C7 superior facet, and the medial-lateral trajectory typically falls between 15 and 20 degrees medial. Once the pedicle is cannulated, a ball-tipped probe is used to confirm intraosseous position. A rod is cut and contoured to the appropriate length of the construct. The C7 pedicle screw should capture the rod easily with slight displacement of the polyaxial head. Postinstrumentation anteroposterior and lateral fluoroscopy are performed to confirm good position of the lateral mass and pedicle screws. Patient consent was not required for this cadaveric surgical video.

Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of Zn Doped Barium M-Hexaferrite

Synthesis of Zn doped Barium M-Hexaferrite (BaFe12-xZnxO19) has been performed by co-precipitation method. The purified iron sand from Tulungagung is used as a precursor of Fe3O4. Synthesis of Zn doped Barium M-Hexaferrite (BaFe12-xZnxO19) with variations of x = 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 wt % has been calcined at temperatures of 1000°C for 5 hours. Ion Zn2+ (with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.7 wt %) does not change the crystal structure of Barium M-Hexaferrite (BaM), but give a slight displacement of the peak position of the diffraction pattern. SEM figures showed that Zn doped Barium M-Hexaferrite (BaFe12-xZnxO19) have a hexagonal structure, similar to BaM structure. Doping of Zn has changed the magnetic properties of Barium M-Hexaferrit (BaM), from hard magnetic become soft magnetic. Barium M-Hexaferrit (BaM) has a value of Coercivity Field (Hc) and Remanence Magnetization (Mr) is 0.03734 T and 8.334 emu/g. At variation x = 0.3, the Remanence Magnetization (Mr) reaches the highest value. At this point, a value of Coercivity Field (Hc) and Remanence Magnetization (Mr) is 0.0506 T and 14.782 emu/gram respectively.

Study on Object Slight Displacement Measure Using Digital Image Hologram Method

Digital image hologram and double exposure method is used to measure displacement of an object in this paper, the intensity of object light has been increased effectively, the contrast of interference fringes has been improved, clear interference fringes has been gotten. A new method has been proposed that CCD and EALCD are applied in order to record the digital hologram and interference fringes, the drawback is avoided successfully that fixing, relocation and nonlinear recording of traditional hologram recording material are. Better experimental effect is achieved.

Crystal Structure of a Chimeric Receptor Binding Protein Constructed from Two Lactococcal Phages

ABSTRACT Lactococcus lactis, a gram-positive bacterium widely used by the dairy industry to manufacture cheeses, is subject to infection by a diverse population of virulent phages. We have previously determined the structures of three receptor binding proteins (RBPs) from lactococcal phages TP901-1, p2, and bIL170, each of them having a distinct host range. Virulent phages p2 and bIL170 are classified within the 936 group, while the temperate phage TP901-1 is a member of the genetically distinct P335 polythetic group. These RBPs comprise three domains: the N-terminal domain, binding to the virion particle; a β-helical linker domain; and the C-terminal domain, bearing the receptor binding site used for host recognition. Here, we have designed, expressed, and determined the structure of an RBP chimera in which the N-terminal and linker RBP domains of phage TP901-1 (P335) are fused to the C-terminal RBP domain of phage p2 (936). This chimera exhibits a stable structure that closely resembles the parental structures, while a slight displacement of the linker made RBP domain adaptation efficient. The receptor binding site is structurally indistinguishable from that of native p2 RBP and binds glycerol with excellent affinity.

INVESTIGATIONS ON THE LOCAL STRUCTURE AND THE EPR PARAMETERS FORCu2+-DOPEDGaN

The local structure and the EPR parameters (g factors and the hyperfine structure constants) for Cu2+in GaN are theoretically studied from the perturbation formulas of these parameters for a 3d9ion in trigonally distorted tetrahedra. In these formulas, the ligand orbital and spin-orbit coupling contributions are taken into account from the cluster approach, in view of the strong covalency effect of the system. Based on the studies, the impurity Cu2+is found not to occupy exactly the host Ga3+site but to suffer a slight displacement (≈ 0.004 Å ) towards the ligand triangle along C3axis due to charge and size mismatching substitution. The theoretical EPR parameters show good agreement with the experimental data. The validity of the impurity displacement is also discussed.