Surgical anatomy of the anastomoses of the iliolumbar artery

Objective: to determine the variants of topography and quantity of the anastomoses of the iliolumbar artery.Materials and methods. The material of the research was 206 dead bodies of men (aged 22–82 at the time of death) and 113 dead bodies of women (aged 32–93 at the time of death) who had died of accidental causes not related to pelvic pathology. The vascular injection method, preparation method were used to achieve the objective of the study. The statistical processing of the obtained data was performed.Results. It has been found that the formation of the anastomoses of the iliolumbar artery is most often found in its proximal and middle thirds, significantly rarely — in its distal third. We have revealed no statistically significant differences between the average diameters of the iliolumbar artery and the average diameters of its anastomoses in men.Conclusion. The performed research has demonstrated that the anastomoses of the iliolumbar artery in men and women have a definite pattern of origination.

Surgical anatomy of the superior gluteal artery and internal iliac vein in individuals of the brahimorphic somatotype

Objective: to determine the variants of the syntopy of the internal iliac vein (IIV) and superior gluteal artery (SGA) in individuals of the brachimorphic somatotype.Materials and methods. The material for research was 29 dead bodies of males (from 25 to 82 years) and 11 dead bodies of females (from 28 to 78 years) who had died of causes not related to pelvic pathology. The vascular injection, preparation methods, and statistical processing of the obtained data were used to achieve the objective.Results. It has been found that, regardless of gender, the frequency of variants of the spatial localization of IIV and SGA, in which it is relatively safe to perform a. glutea superior ligation, is approximately equal, which is ≈ 24 % for men and ≈ 23 % for women.Conclusion. The performed study has showed that the variants of IIV and SGA syntopy, in which it is advisable to perform IIA ligation, are much more common than types of the spatial localization of v. iliacainterna and a. glutea superior in which selective ligation of SGA is possible.

Surgical anatomy of anastomoses of the umbilical artery

Objective: to identify the variants of the development of anastomoses and their number in the umbilical artery.Material and methods. 206 dead bodies of men (22–82 years of age) and 113 dead bodies of women (32–93 years of age) who had died of causes not related to pelvic pathology were used as the material for the study. The preparation method, vascular injection method, and statistical method were used to achieve the objective.Results. It has been established that the anastomoses of the umbilical artery in both the men and women are most often found in the proximal third of the artery, significantly more rarely — in its middle third. We have determined no linear correlation between the sizes of the diameters of the umbilical artery and the sizes of the diameters of its arterial anastomoses on both the sides of the pelvic cavity in the females and on the right side in the males but have found such a correlation on the left side in the males.Conclusion. The performed study has demonstrated that anastomoses of the umbilical artery in males and in females have a definite pattern of their origination.

Surgical anatomy of the intrapelvic branches of the superior gluteal artery in individuals of the dolihomorphic somatotype

Objective: to identify the localization variants of the intrapelvic branches and anastomoses of the superior gluteal artery (SGA) in individuals of the dolihomorphic somatotype. Material and methods. 27 male dead bodies (at the age from 30 to 75) and 12 female dead bodies (at the age from 34 to 88) were used as the material for the research, the individuals had died as a result of accidental causes not related to pelvic pathology. The vascular injection method, preparation method, and statistical processing of the obtained data were applied to attain the objective. Results. It has been found that the formation of the intrapelvic branches and anastomoses in males and females is most often present in the proximal and middle onethirds of the intrapelvic part of the SGA, rarely - in its distal one-third. Stable hemostasis with high probability can be achieved by excluding from the bloodstream of the proximal and middle one-thirds of the intrapelvic part of the SGA using selective emboli or by ligation. Conclusions. The performed research has demonstrated that the intrapelvic branches and anastomoses of the SGA in males and females have the definite pattern of their origination.

Surgical Anatomy of the Extraorganic Anastomoses of the Middle Rectal Artery

Objective: to determine the topography variants and quantity of the extraorganic anastomoses of the middle rectal artery.Material and methods. 206 cadavers of males (aged 22-82) and 113 cadavers of females (aged 32-93) who had died of accidental causes not related to pelvic pathology were used as the research material. The vascular injection, preparation methods, and statistical analysis of the obtained data were used to achieve the aim of the research.Results. It has been found out that most often the extraorganic anastomoses of the middle rectal artery are formed in the proximal and middle thirds of the artery, significantly rarely - in its distal third. A linear correlation between the sizes of the diameters of the internal pudendal artery and the sizes of the diameters of its extraorganic anastomoses has been detected in the males and females.Conclusion. The performed research has demonstrated that the extraorganic anastomoses of the middle rectal artery in males and females have a definite pattern of origination.

The Surgical Anatomy of the Intrapelvic Branches of the Superior Gluteal Artery in People of the Brachymorphic Somatotype

Objective: to determine the topography variants of the intrapelvic branches and anastomoses of the superior gluteal artery (SGA).Material and methods. 29 cadavers of males (the intravital age ranged 27-75) and 11 cadavers of females (the in-travital age ranged 32-82) who had died of accidental causes not related to pelvic pathology were used as the research material. The preparation method, vascular injection method, and statistical method were applied to achieve the objective.Results. It has been established that most often the formation of the intrapelvic branches and anastomoses of the SGA in the males and females is found in the proximal and middle thirds of the intrapelvic part of the artery, rarely - in its distal third. Stable hemostasis with a high probability can be achieved by excluding the proximal and middle thirds of the intrapelvic part of the SGA from the bloodstream by means of selective emboli or ligation.Conclusion. The performed research has demonstrated the presence of a certain pattern of origination of the in-trapelvic branches and anastomoses of the SGA in the males and in females.

The Surgical Anatomy of the Intrapelvic Anastomoses of the Internal Pudendal Artery

Objective: to determine the most common sites of localization and number of the intrapelvic anastomoses of the internal pudendal artery. Material and methods. The material for the research was 141 dead bodies of men (at the age from 27 to 75) and 29 dead bodies of women (at the age from 32 to 82) who had died of causes not related to pelvic pathology. The vascular injection method, preparation method, and statistical processing of the obtained data were used to achieve the aim of the research. Results. It has been found out that in the men and women the intrapelvic anastomoses of the internal pudendal artery are most often formed in the proximal and middle one thirds of the intrapelvic part of the artery, significantly rarely - in its distal one third. There is no linear correlation between the sizes of the diameters of the internal pudendal artery and sizes of the diameters of its intrapelvic anastomoses in the women but there is such a correlation in the men. Conclusion. The performed research has demonstrated that the intrapelvic anastomoses of the internal pudendal artery in the men and women have a definite pattern of their origination.

Surgical anatomy of the superior hypophyseal artery and its relevance for endoscopic endonasal surgery

OBJECTIVEThe endoscopic endonasal approach has become a routine corridor to the suprasellar region. The superior hypophyseal arteries (SHAs) are intimately related to lesions in the suprasellar space, such as craniopharyngiomas and meningiomas. Here the authors investigate the surgical anatomy and variations of the SHA from the endoscopic endonasal perspective.METHODSThirty anatomical specimens with vascular injection were used for endoscopic endonasal dissection. The number of SHAs and their origin, course, branching, anastomoses, and areas of supply were collected and analyzed.RESULTSA total of 110 SHAs arising from 60 internal carotid arteries (ICAs), or 1.83 SHAs per ICA (range 0–3), were found. The most proximal SHA always ran in the preinfundibular space and provided the major blood supply to the infundibulum, optic chiasm, and proximal optic nerve; it was defined as the primary SHA (pSHA). The more distal SHA(s), present in 78.3% of sides, ran in the retroinfundibular space and supplied the stalk and may also supply the tuber cinereum and optic tracts. In the two sides (3.3%) in which no SHA was present, the territory was covered by a pair of infundibular arteries originating from the posterior communicating artery. Two-thirds of the pSHAs originated proximal to the distal dural ring; half of these arose from the carotid cave portion of the ICA, whereas the other half originated proximal to the cave. Four branching patterns of the pSHA were recognized, with the most common pattern (41.7%) consisting of three or more branches with a tree-like pattern. Descending branches were absent in 25% of cases. Preinfundibular anastomoses between pSHAs were found in all specimens. Anastomoses between the pSHA and the secondary SHA (sSHA) or the infundibular arteries were found in 75% cases.CONCLUSIONSThe first SHA almost always supplies the infundibulum, optic chiasm, and proximal optic nerve and represents the pSHA. Compromising this artery can cause a visual deficit. Unilateral injury to the pSHA is less likely to cause an endocrine deficit given the artery’s abundant anastomoses. A detailed understanding of the surgical anatomy of the SHA and its many variations may help surgeons when approaching challenging lesions in the suprasellar region.

The Surgical Anatomy of the Intrapelvic Anastomoses of the Inferior Gluteal Artery

Objective: to determine the types of localization, frequency of occurrence and quantity of the intrapelvic anastomoses of the inferior gluteal artery. Material and methods. 117 cadavers from men (at 35-78 years of age) and 31 cadavers from women (at 32 to 90 years of age) who had died of accidental causes not related to pelvic pathology were used as the material for the research. The vascular injection method, preparation method, and statistical method were used to achieve the aim of the research. Results. It has been found out that most often in men and women the intrapelvic anastomoses of the inferior gluteal artery develop in the middle one-third of the intrapelvic part of this artery, significantly more rarely - in its proximal one-third, and very rarely - in its distal one-third. The research has found no linear correlation between the sizes of the diameters of the inferior gluteal artery and the sizes of the diameters of its intrapelvic anastomoses. Conclusion. The performed research has demonstrated that in men and women the intrapelvic anastomoses of the inferior gluteal artery have the definite regularity of origination.