INVESTIGATION OF MOTIVATION OF EMPLOYEES IN THE CHARTER ENTERPRISES OF NAUTICAL TOURISM

The paper includes the theoretical and empirical analysis of the elements that determine the motivation of employees in the charter companies of nautical tourism. The purpose of the research is to highlight the importance of identifying and selecting the adequate motivator to ensure achievement of desired objectives. The aim is to determine the importance that employees attach to individual motivational factors. Thus, valuable information are obtained that can help companies in selecting appropriate strategies for achieving motivated and satisfied employees. The survey was conducted from 15th to 26th February 2014 on a sample of 53 respondents, employees in charter companies mostly in Croatia, to a lesser extent in Slovenia and Greece. The results confirm previous studies which suggest that a satisfactory income increasingly ceases to be the most important motivator so the respondents give the highest importance to good relationships, and good social conditions while satisfying income is ranked third place. Only respondents from Greece value most satisfying income.

KEGIATAN ALTERNATIF NELAYAN DI DESA MAKALESUNG KECAMATAN KEMA KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA

Livelihood as fishermen whose livelihood is heavily dependent on weather and sea conditions. In this condition fishermen increasingly difficult to get a satisfactory income. Heaviest burden will be borne by the fishermen households, the wife of coastal fishermen or women. By their husbands because of reduced income or none at all then also the fishermen of coastal women should strive tomoveo ther professions during the waiting time allowed to go to sea. This study aims to look at the general state of fisheries in Mangket Makalisung coastal village and to know and analyze the alternative activities of fishermen in Mangket Makalisung coastal village when they are not able to carry out fishing activities in the sea. Research conducted in the Makalisung village this is a case study in which the phenomenon described in this study apply only to areas where research. In accordance with the alternative title of the research activities chosen by the fishermen in the study area cannot be enacted in other regions. The data was collected in the census, where all the fishermen in the Makalisung village as object for questioning. The data obtained in this study were analyzed with descriptive analysis. This analysis is to develop the ability of researchers to provide discussion relating to the situation found in the field. The type of alternative activities on coastal fishing communities Maengket include motorcycle taxis (those who have motorcycles), masons, collect sea cucumbers and make aboat. Keywords: fishermen, livelihood, alternative activities Abstrak Mata pencaharian sebagai nelayan adalah mata pencaharian yang sangat bergantung pada cuaca dan kondisi laut. Pada kondisi ini nelayan semakin sulit mendapatkan penghasilan yang memuaskan.Beban paling berat akan ditanggung rumah tangga nelayan, yaitu istri nelayan atau kaum perempuan pesisir. Oleh karena pendapatan suami mereka berkurang ataupun tidak ada sama sekali maka perempuan pesisir juga para nelayan harus berusaha keras untuk beralih profesi lain selama menunggu waktu yang memungkinkan untuk melaut. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat keadaan umum usaha perikanan di Pantai Mangket Desa Makalisung dan mengetahui serta menganalisis kegiatan alternatif masyarakat nelayan yang ada di pantai Mangket Desa Makalisung pada saat mereka tidak dapat melakukan kegiatan penangkapan ikan di laut. Penelitian yang dilakukan di desa Makalisung ini merupakan penelitianstudi kasus dimana fenomena yang digambarkan dalam penelitian ini hanya berlaku untuk wilayah ditempat penelitian.Sesuai dengan judul penelitian ini maka alternatif kegiatan yang dipilih oleh nelayan di wilayah penelitian tidak dapat di berlakukan di wilayah lain. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara sensus, dimana semua nelayan yang ada di desa Makalisung dijadikan objek untuk dimintai informasi. Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif. Analisis ini merupakan suatu analisis dengan mengembangkan kemampuan peneliti dalam memberikan bahasan yang berkaitan dengan situasi yang ditemukan di lapangan. Adapun jenis kegiatan alternatif masyarakat nelayan di pantai Mangket di antaranya adalah tukang ojek (bagi yang memiliki sepeda motor), tukang bangunan, mengumpul teripang dan membuat perahu. Kata Kunci: nelayan, mata pencaharian, kegiatan alternatif

Economic viability of the traditional farming system in the Ghouta, Oasis of Damascus, Syria

The traditional farming system (TFS) in the Ghouta has been an integral pan of the social life and has contributed to the food supply of Damascus for millennia. Very little is known about this traditional and sustainable system, considered by many as a hindrance to development. This study is an attempt to analyze the economic perfonnance of this system. The objective is to evaluate the economic performance of the TFS and its impact on system viability. Three farms, representing the three different agricultural strategies in this area, were selected for data-collection. Participant observation was used to derive estimates of labor, costs and revenues, which are not recorded by farmers. These three farms formed a base for continuous contact with other farmers in the Ghouta. The average values, after cross-checking with these estimates and other farmers, were used in the economic analysis at three levels: production, family and market level. The production system of the Ghouta is adaptable to economic forces of a major city as the high level of market orientation of the TFS stimulates diversity of farms. It is concluded that the diversified farms managed by farmers in this area provide a satisfactory income, which is in harmony both with the social values and with preserving the system, the overall objective of the farmers.

Development of Mixed Tree and Food Crop Systems in the Humid Tropics: A Response to Population Pressure and De-forestation

SUMMARYMixed tree and food crop farming systems are being developed in the humid tropics. They offer one solution to the problems caused by population pressure and de-forestation, since they can provide a satisfactory income to the subsistence farmer, while adequately protecting the environment In seeking to develop optimal systems, examples and information can be drawn from traditional mixed cropping systems, from taungya systems of forestation, and from other systems developed within the commodity cropping sector. However, the full potential of mixtures involving perennials and food crops can only be realised within the limitations of local socio-economic and political circumstances.