Pengaruh Jumlah Katalis CaO Terhadap Karakteristik Produk pada Sintesis Gliserol Karbonat

<p><strong>ABSTRAK. </strong>Senyawa gliserol karbonat merupakan turunan gliserol yang saat ini masih berkembang pemanfaatannya. Sintesis gliserol karbonat menggunakan gliserol dan urea menjanjikan untuk diaplikasikan karena bahan baku yang lebih mudah didapatkan, penanganan lebih sederhana dan lebih murah dibandingkan proses sintesis lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan karakterisasi terhadap produk hasil reaksi gliserolisis urea yang dioperasikan pada kondisi operasi suhu 140^oC, tekanan 0,7 atm selama 4 jam dengan variasi jumlah katalis CaO 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5% mol. Bahan hasil reaksi dianalisis gugus fungsinya menggunakan instrumen <em>Fourier Transform Infra Red</em> (<em>FTIR)</em>dan komposisi senyawanya menggunakan instrumen <em>Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry</em> (<em>GC-MS</em>). Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan terhadap produk, didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa kondisi optimum pada penelitian ini terlihat pada produk hasil reaksi gliserolsis urea dengan jumlah penggunaan katalis 5% mol dengan nilai konversi 23%.</p><p><strong>ABSTRACT. The Influence of the Catalyst Amount of CaO on the Product Characteristics in Glycerol Carbonate Synthesis. </strong>Glycerol carbonate is a glycerol derivative that is currently still developing its use. The synthesis of glycerol carbonate using glycerol and urea promises to be applied because raw materials are easier to obtain, handling is simpler and cheaper than other synthesis processes. This study aims to characterize the product of the urea glycerolysis reaction in the operating conditions of 140^oC, thepressure of 0,7 atm for 4 hours with variation in the amount of CaO catalyst 1, 2, 3, 4,and 5% mol. Characterization of the reaction products was analyzed by functional groups using the FTIR instrument and compound composition analysis using the GC-MS instrument. According tothe results of the analysis carried out on the product, it was concluded that the optimum conditions in this study were seen in the product of the reaction of urea glycerolsis with 5% mol catalyst amount with a 23% conversion.</p><p> </p>

Pengaruh Jumlah Katalis CaO Terhadap Karakteristik Produk pada Sintesis Gliserol Karbonat

<p>Senyawa gliserol karbonat merupakan turunan gliserol yang saat ini masih berkembang pemanfaatannya. Sintesis gliserol karbonat menggunakan gliserol dan urea menjanjikan untuk diaplikasikan karena bahan baku yang lebih mudah didapatkan, penanganan lebih sederhana dan lebih murah dibandingkan proses sintesis lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan karakterisasi terhadap produk hasil reaksi gliserolisis urea yang dioperasikan pada kondisi operasi suhu 140^oC, tekanan 0,7 atm selama 4 jam dengan variasi jumlah katalis CaO 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5% mol. Bahan hasil reaksi dianalisis gugus fungsinya menggunakan instrumen <em>Fourier Transform Infra Red</em> (<em>FTIR)</em>dan komposisi senyawanya menggunakan instrumen <em>Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry</em> (<em>GC-MS</em>). Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan terhadap produk, didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa kondisi optimum pada penelitian ini terlihat pada produk hasil reaksi gliserolsis urea dengan jumlah penggunaan katalis 5% mol dengan nilai konversi 23%.</p><p><strong>The Influence of the Catalyst Amount of CaO on the Product Characteristics in Glycerol Carbonate Synthesis. </strong>Glycerol carbonate is a glycerol derivative that is currently still developing its use. The synthesis of glycerol carbonate using glycerol and urea promises to be applied because raw materials are easier to obtain, handling is simpler and cheaper than other synthesis processes. This study aims to characterize the product of the urea glycerolysis reaction in the operating conditions of 140^oC, thepressure of 0,7 atm for 4 hours with variation in the amount of CaO catalyst 1, 2, 3, 4,and 5% mol. Characterization of the reaction products was analyzed by functional groups using the FTIR instrument and compound composition analysis using the GC-MS instrument. According tothe results of the analysis carried out on the product, it was concluded that the optimum conditions in this study were seen in the product of the reaction of urea glycerolsis with 5% mol catalyst amount with a 23% conversion.</p><p> </p>

DEALUMINATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ZSM - 5 AS CATALYST FOR GLYCEROL CONVERSION TO GLYCEROL MONOLAURATE

Glycerol Monolaurate (GML) is a naturally occurring fatty acid widely utilized in food, cosmetics, andhomeopathic supplements. Glycerol is a compound glycerides, a byproduct of biodiesel production from the transesterification process. Glycerol is converted to glycerol derivative product that has more value as Glycerol Monolaurate (GML).GML is a naturally occurring fatty acid widely utilized in food, cosmetics, andhomeopathic supplements.One of the catalyst that had beenused is ZSM-5. Dealumination is used to change the acidity of the zeolite. This study consists of several stages, there are dealumination of zeolite ZSM-5 using H2SO4, drying at 110 ° C for 1 hour, Then calcination at a temperature of 550 ° C for 4 hours. Characterization catalyst to testing the acidity of the catalyst by absorption of ammonia and pyridine. Acidity of Zeolite is expressed in the mmol of ammonia or pyridine per gram of catalyst. Synthesis of monolaurate with dealuminated result are performed by GC-MS analysis, it’s to determine the molecular weight and to show a purity of Glycerol Monolaurate. Testing results obtained in the optimum conditions at dealumination temperature and dealumination time respectively are 40-60 0C and 2-5 hours. The dealumination variables are acid concentration, temperature and time of dealumination affecting ZSM-5 acidity and % yield of GML. The acidity affecting the yield% of Glycerol monolaurate produced Keywords :Glycerol, Glycerol Monolaurate, dealumination, ZSM - 5.

DEALUMINATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ZSM - 5 AS CATALYST FOR GLYCEROL CONVERSION TO GLYCEROL MONOLAURATE

Glycerol Monolaurate (GML) is a naturally occurring fatty acid widely utilized in food, cosmetics, andhomeopathic supplements. Glycerol is a compound glycerides, a byproduct of biodiesel production from the transesterification process. Glycerol is converted to glycerol derivative product that has more value as Glycerol Monolaurate (GML).GML is a naturally occurring fatty acid widely utilized in food, cosmetics, andhomeopathic supplements.One of the catalyst that had beenused is ZSM-5. Dealumination is used to change the acidity of the zeolite. This study consists of several stages, there are dealumination of zeolite ZSM-5 using H2SO4, drying at 110 ° C for 1 hour, Then calcination at a temperature of 550 ° C for 4 hours. Characterization catalyst to testing the acidity of the catalyst by absorption of ammonia and pyridine. Acidity of Zeolite is expressed in the mmol of ammonia or pyridine per gram of catalyst. Synthesis of monolaurate with dealuminated result are performed by GC-MS analysis, it’s to determine the molecular weight and to show a purity of Glycerol Monolaurate. Testing results obtained in the optimum conditions at dealumination temperature and dealumination time respectively are 40-60 0C and 2-5 hours. The dealumination variables are acid concentration, temperature and time of dealumination affecting ZSM-5 acidity and % yield of GML. The acidity affecting the yield% of Glycerol monolaurate produced Keywords :Glycerol, Glycerol Monolaurate, dealumination, ZSM - 5.

Esterification of glycerol with acetic acid over Lewatit catalyst

Tri Acetyl Glycerol or triacetin is one of the glycerol derivative products which can be used as additives in liquid fuels (octane boosters) to reduce knocking on the machine. The use of triacetin as octane booster is considered very promising because it comes from renewable and environmentally friendly raw materials. The resulting glycerol-based additives are suitable for gasoline, biodiesel and diesel. In this study glycerol esterification with acetic acid over Lewatit catalyst was investigated. The effects of various parameters, such as reaction temperature, weight of catalyst and molar ratio of glycerol to acetic acid were studied and the optimum condition for the triacetin synthesis are 100°C, 1: 7 mole of ratio and 3% weight of catalys

SINTESIS GLISEROL KARBONAT DARI GLISEROL DAN UREA MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS RESIN INDION 225 Na

KINETIC STUDY OF GLYCEROL CARBONATE SYNTHESIS FROM GLYCEROL AND UREA USING INDION 225 Na AS CATALYST. The using of biodiesel as an alternative energy source that is renewable causes the increasing of glycerol as byproduct of biodiesel production. It makes the selling value of glycerol decreases. Glycerol processing is needed to increase the selling value of glycerol in the market. One of the glycerol derivative is glycerol carbonate. Glycerol carbonate is used as adhesives, solvents, inks, surfactants, and lubricants. This research was carried out by reacting glycerol and urea in a batch reactor using Indion 225 Na as catalyst. The purpose of this study was to determine the best conditions of synthesis of glycerol carbonate. The results showed that the obtained optimum conversion of glycerol was 48.43% with ratereaction is 0.1296 hr-1 and the ativation energy is 17.0628 kJ/mol.K with frequency factor is 19.4199 hr-1 in the glycerol:urea ratio of 1:1, the catalyst concentration of 5% and a temperature of 130 0C in 5h of reaction. Kata kunci: glycerol; glycerol carbonate; indion 225 Na; urea Abstrak Penggunaan biodiesel sebagai alternatif sumber energi yang bersifat renewable mengakibatkan meningkatnya gliserol sebagai hasil samping produksi biodiesel. Peningkatan produksi gliserol berdampak terhadap nilai jual gliserol yang semakin menurun. Pengolahan gliserol perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan nilai jual gliserol di pasaran. Salah satu produk turunan gliserol adalah gliserol karbonat. Gliserol karbonat mempunyai kegunaan sebagai perekat, pelarut, tinta, surfaktan, dan pelumas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mereaksikan gliserol dan urea dalam reaktor batch menggunakan katalis resin Indion 225 Na. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi terbaik sintesis gliserol karbonat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konversi gliserol terbaik yang didapatkan sebesar 48,43% dengan nilai konstanta kecepatan reaksi sebesar 0,1296 jam-1 dan nilai Ea sebesar 17,0628 kJ/mol.K dengan nilai faktor frekuensi sebesar 19,4199 jam-1pada perbandingan gliserol:urea 1:1, konsentrasi katalis 5% dan suhu 1300C selama 5 jam reaksi. Keywords: Gliserol; Gliserol Karbonat; Indion 225 Na ; Urea

THE SYNTHESIS OF GLYCEROL CARBONATE FROM BIODIESEL BYPRODUCT GLYCEROL AND UREA OVER AMBERLYST 36

The increasing use of biodiesel as renewable fuels leads to the increasing of glycerol amount as a byproduct of biodiesel production. One of the glycerol derivative products that is environmentally friendly and renewable is glycerol carbonate. Glycerol carbonate is commonly used as a raw material for polymers, surfactants, emulsifiers, lubricants, paints, also used in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, the research was carried out by using a batch reactor with a three-neck flask equipped with reverse cooling, thermometers, mercury stirrer, and heating mantle with the conditions of the reaction temperature around 373 413 K, mole ratio of reactants of urea: glycerol were 1:0,5, 1:1, 1:1,5, 1:2 and 1:4 and the concentration of catalyst were 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% respectively. Reaction was done for four hours. The results showed that the formation of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea using a catalyst Amberlyst 36 is affected by the catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and the ratio of reactants used. The highest glycerol conversion was obtained at 55.07% at a temperature of 393 K with mole ratio of urea and glycerol 1:0,5 and the percentage of catalyst 3% of the amount of glycerol.