randomize response
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Field Methods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-229
Author(s):  
Charles Q. Lau ◽  
Herschel Sanders ◽  
Ansie Lombaard

Short message service (SMS or text messaging) surveys can collect data quickly and inexpensively. However, SMS surveys have space constraints that pose difficulties to questionnaire designers: Questions can only be 160 characters or less, surveys must be short, and many respondents use phones with small screens. In this article, we compare SMS and benchmark face-to-face surveys across four African countries to address three common questions in SMS questionnaire design. First, are multiple response questions feasible? Second, is it necessary to randomize response option order? Third, should “don’t know” response options be included? Our results provide practical guidance about how to improve data quality with this emerging mode of data collection.


2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 2895-2905
Author(s):  
Gi-Sung Lee ◽  
Ki-Hak Hong ◽  
Chang-Kyoon Son

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Min Kim ◽  
Seong-S. Chae

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