Ho Ho Ho! When Water was Diatomic

When he introduced the concept of atomic weights at the beginning of the 19th Century CE, John Dalton assumed that water had the formula HO. This assumption resulted in a half century of confusion – partly because on a scale of H = 1, he defined the atomic weights O = 8 and C = 6, and partly because elements that could exhibit variable valency appeared to possess different atomic (or rather equivalent) weights. The correction of the formula of water, together with the recognition of the diatomic nature of the gases hydrogen and oxygen, were formalized following the Karlsruhe congress of 1861 and allowed the establishment of the 'modern' and consistent atomic weights.

Activity of Manganese Carboxylates in the Process of Liquid-Phase Oxidation of Ethylbenzene with Atmospheric Oxygen

The process of oxidation of hydrocarbon with oxygen proceeds with formation of the corresponding hydroperoxide as the primary product [1,2]. A catalyst is the most important factor that influences on the direction of flow of the oxidation reaction. Catalysts based on metals of variable valency, and their derivatives are the most active in reactions of oxidation of hydrocarbon [3].

CHANGES IN BACKGROUND CONCENTRATIONS OF METALS IN THE SEDIMENTS OF MARSH-LAGOON LANDSCAPES OF THE WESTERN CASPIAN

The last 1978-1995 transgression of the Caspian Sea caused the development of marsh-lagoon system along the Western Caspian seashore. Due to salt marshes are very vulnerable to sea-level fluctuations, complex and dynamic system, they may be considered as a regional model of rapid environmental transformation. Changing conditions of migration in the soils of marsh-lagoon landscapes during the sea-level rise influenced on the migration of elements of variable valency, primarily Fe and Mn, but also Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Co, leading to their mobilization in slightly alkaline and neutral reducing conditions and subsequent deposition on the geochemical barriers. That led to the emergence of landscape-geochemical anomalies of Fe and heavy metals in the soils of salt marshes with a characteristic time of formation of any persistent anomalies during 5-10 years.

CHANGES IN BACKGROUND CONCENTRATIONS OF METALS IN THE SEDIMENTS OF MARSH-LAGOON LANDSCAPES OF THE WESTERN CASPIAN

The last 1978-1995 transgression of the Caspian Sea caused the development of marsh-lagoon system along the Western Caspian seashore. Due to salt marshes are very vulnerable to sea-level fluctuations, complex and dynamic system, they may be considered as a regional model of rapid environmental transformation. Changing conditions of migration in the soils of marsh-lagoon landscapes during the sea-level rise influenced on the migration of elements of variable valency, primarily Fe and Mn, but also Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Co, leading to their mobilization in slightly alkaline and neutral reducing conditions and subsequent deposition on the geochemical barriers. That led to the emergence of landscape-geochemical anomalies of Fe and heavy metals in the soils of salt marshes with a characteristic time of formation of any persistent anomalies during 5-10 years.

Metal containing composites based on styrene copolymers and butoxyl methyl methacrylate as a catalyst in the oxidation of the diesel fraction

The article presents the results of studies on the metal-based composites on the basis of copolymers and block copolymers of styrene with butoxymethyl methacrylate (BOMMA) as a catalyst in the oxidation process of naphthene paraffin fraction, which was obtained by extraction method of dearomatization of diesel fraction. It was shown that at low concentrations of metals of variable valency in the content of the catalyst here is sufficiently high yield of synthetic petroleum acids.