Stylostome of the trombiculid mite larvae Neotrombicula talmiensis (Schluger, 1955) (Acariformes, Trombiculidae) feeding on two host species in the Russian Far East

Stylostome and skin inflammatory reaction during feeding of Neotrombicula talmiensis (Schluger, 1955) (Acariformes, Trombiculidae) larvae on the naturally infected host animals – voles Myodes rufocanus Sundevall, 1846 and Asian chipmunk Tamias sibiricus (Laxmann, 1769) were studied by histological methods. In addition, larvae were studied in scanning electron microscope (SEM). The apical hypostomal portions form a temporal sucker, which applies to the host skin during feeding. Larval feeding on both naturally infected voles and chipmunks causes an epidermal hyperkeratosis and a permanent delayed inflammation with predominance of neutrophil leukocytes, dilation of dermal capillaries and local hemorrhages. Larvae tend to feed in tight groups and may attach themselves to both ‘living’ epidermis and hypertrophic stratum corneum. The stylostome is organized nearly identically in the two host species, which points to the species-specific character of the feeding tube in trombiculid larvae. The stylostome does not penetrate the epidermis through, so it may be classified as belonging to the epidermal type. The stylostome is produced by a solidifying larval secretion and composed of the proximal eosinophil cone and the main stylostome tube, both pale-pink in azure-II-eosin with a greyish peripheral portion more pronounced in voles. No longitudinal and transverse stratification is found in the stylostome composition. In contrast with other trombiculid larvae studied so far, larvae of N. talmiensis also ingest, besides liquefied nutrients, a pure blood that reveals a possibility for trombiculid larvae to be natural bloodsuckers.

P3586Influence of morphological features of intracoronary thrombi on ST segment resolution in patients with STEMI after primary PCI

Background Coronary artery thrombosis is a key element in the onset of STEMI and its further course. Coronary clots significantly vary in their morphological features and types. Perhaps, it may be caused by individual differences in thrombus formation that could have a strong influence on STEMI course and prognosis. Purpose To elucidate the influence of morphological features of intracoronary thrombi (IT) on ST-segment resolution (the outcome) after primary PCI in patients with STEMI. Methods The study included 100 patients with STEMI (female 22%, male 78%) aged 57.81±10.26 years, who underwent PCI with manual thromboaspiration within the first 12 hours (mean 7.22±3.74 h) after the onset of symptoms. The obtained ITs were examined morphologically after hematoxylin & eosin staining by the standard method and by the method proposed by prof. Zerbino that allows determining the antiquity of fibrin according to its color. Each IT was classified by five morphological features: 1) “old” or “fresh” (according to Zerbino's staining); 2) with or without layered structure; and presence or absence of 3) microchannels, 4) peripheral infiltration with neutrophil leukocytes, 5) elements of atherosclerotic plaque. Correlations between these features and incidence of ST-segment resolution in 60 minutes after primary PCI for more than 50% from baseline were analyzed. Results Neither IT antiquity nor presence of the atherosclerotic plaque elements had any significant correlations with ST-segment resolution. Significant positive correlation was revealed with peripheral neutrophil infiltration (r=0.42, p<0.05), and negative correlations were found with layered arrangement IT (r=−0.31, p<0.05) and presence of microchannels (r=−0.56, p<0.05). Statistically significant mathematical prognostic model of ST-segment resolution was obtained after analysis of the co-influence of all five morphological features on the outcome using logistic regression method. It included three IT features significantly correlating with ST-segment resolution: Z = 1.13 − 0.51*V1 − 0.57*V2 − 0.94*V3 where V1 – IT with layered arrangement of fibrin, V2 – IT with microchannels' formation, V3 – IT with peripheral areas of infiltration by the neutrophil leukocytes (1 for the presence of the feature, 0 for its absence). “Old” IT with layered structure Conclusions Morphological features of IT in patients with acute STEMI appear to have significant influence on the primary PCI outcomes. They may be important predictors of the disease course and treatments efficacy. Further investigations of the IT peculiarities and their influences on the course of STEMI may help to improve therapy. Acknowledgement/Funding Study financial support was made by authors

CLINICAL SYMPTOMS, BIOCHEMISTRY AND CYTOLOGY OF PLEURAL, PERITONEAL EFFUSIONS

Background: The cytology and the support of clinical symptoms, biochemistry for diagnosis of the cases of effusions are very important. Objectives: - To describe some of clinical symptoms and biochemistry of effusions. - To compare the results between cytology and biochemistry by the causes of pleural, peritoneal fluids. Material & Method: A cross-sectional study to describe all of 47 patients with pleural, peritoneal effusions examinated by cytology in the Hospital of Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy from April 2013 to January 2014. Results: In 47 cases with effusions, pleural effusion accounting for 55.32%, following peritoneal effusions 29.79% and 14.89% with both of them. The most common symptoms in patients with pleural effusions were diminished or absent tactile fremitus, dull percussion, diminished or absent breath sounds (100%), in patients with peritoneal effusions was ascites (95.24%). 100% cases with pleural effusions, 50% cases with peritoneal effusions and 80% cases with pleural and peritoneal effusions were exudates. The percentage of malignant cells in patients with pleural effusions was 26.92%, in peritoneal effusions was 28.57%, in pleural and peritoneal effusions was 42.86%. The percentage of detecting the malignant cells in patients with suspected cancer in the first test was 57.14%, in the second was 9.53% and 33.33% undetectable. Most of cases which had malignant cells and inflammatory were exudates, all of the cases which had a few cells were transudates. Besides, 7.5% cases which had high neutrophil leukocytes were transudates. Conclusion: Cytology should be carry out adding to the clinical examinations and biochemistry tests to have an exact diagnosis, especially for the malignant ones. For the case with suspected cancer, we should repeat cytology test one more time to increase the ability to detect malignant cells. Key words: Effusion, pleural effusion, peritoneal effusion, cytology, biochemistry

Neutrophil Leukocyte: Combustive Microbicidal Action and Chemiluminescence

Neutrophil leukocytes protect against a varied and complex array of microbes by providing microbicidal action that is simple, potent, and focused. Neutrophils provide such action via redox reactions that change the frontier orbitals of oxygen (O2) facilitating combustion. The spin conservation rules define the symmetry barrier that prevents direct reaction of diradical O2with nonradical molecules, explaining why combustion is not spontaneous. In burning, the spin barrier is overcome when energy causes homolytic bond cleavage producing radicals capable of reacting with diradical O2to yield oxygenated radical products that further participate in reactive propagation. Neutrophil mediated combustion is by a different pathway. Changing the spin quantum state of O2removes the symmetry restriction to reaction. Electronically excited singlet molecular oxygen (O2*1) is a potent electrophilic reactant with a finite lifetime that restricts its radius of reactivity and focuses combustive action on the target microbe. The resulting exergonic dioxygenation reactions produce electronically excited carbonyls that relax by light emission, that is, chemiluminescence. This overview of neutrophil combustive microbicidal action takes the perspectives of spin conservation and bosonic-fermionic frontier orbital considerations. The necessary principles of particle physics and quantum mechanics are developed and integrated into a fundamental explanation of neutrophil microbicidal metabolism.