Role of different topical modalities in improvement of facial hyperpigmentation and skin rejuvenation

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Facial hypermelanosis is a psychologically stressful condition for modern men and women who are cosmetically more conscious than their ancestors. There are various lightening agent used for several months before effect becomes apparent and are much more effective when pigment is epidermal. these topical agents include hydroquinone, liquorice derivatives niacinamide, glycolic acid, arbutin and deoxyarbutin, ascorbic acid, 4-n-butyl resorcinol, retinoids topical steroids mequinol, kojic acid, azelaic acid, 5% tranexmic acid, glutathione cream etc.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A randomized, controlled study was done. 220 patients were given either treatment will be given depending upon the physician choice after taking well informed consent from the patient. Patients' assessment regarding the degree of improvement of complexion since the beginning of therapy was evaluated.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The percentage satisfactory response for different modalities was as follow kojic acid 2% cream- 55.55%, 20% azelaic acid cream- 53.12%, 4-n-butyl resorcinol 0.3% cream- 57.89%, 5% tranexmic acid lotion- 48.83% and glutathione cream- 55.76%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Out 220 patients post inflammatory hyperpigmentation was the most common facial condition. Total 61 patients of PIH were there in the present study including 26 males and 35 females followed by melasma. All The modalities were effective in the treatment of different types- pigmentary conditions. </p>

Children’s Social Perception of Peers’ Dento-Facial Condition: A Cross-Sectional Study

AIMS: This study aimed to compare the participant’s perceptions about their peers’ dento-facial condition with different incisal appearances (intact, discoloured, fractured, and avulsed incisors).MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among schoolchildren of both primary (8-11 years) and secondary (12-14 years) levels. Each participant was asked to judge photographs with one intact and three digitally modified central incisors giving the appearance of a traumatised tooth. Data on perceptions were collected for each condition using 12 attributes (8 positive and 4 negative; scored on a 4 point Likert scale). The positive, negative and total attribute scores were analysed separately by unpaired Student’s t-test. Repeated Measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc analysis was also used.RESULTS: A group of 587 children participated in the study. The perception for intact and traumatised incisors about demographic factors is well appreciated. Among the gender delineation, girls showed a significant difference in judgment between discoloured and fractured incisors. In comparison to intact incisors, positive and total attributable scores were found to be significantly higher (P < 0.001), whereas negative attribute scores were significantly lower (P < 0.001) for traumatised incisors. Pairwise comparison showed high significance (p <0.001) between the intact and traumatised incisor conditions.CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that visible dental trauma influenced the psychosocial judgment given by children towards their peers. This judgment would, in turn, affect their level of acceptance towards such appearances. Therefore, these conditions ought to be redressed as swiftly as possible.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The primary purpose of this study was to highlight the psychosocial perceptions of children in judging their peers, regarding not only attractiveness but also intelligence, friendliness, confidence, outgoing nature, etc.

Capuchin monkeys do not differentiate between images of different facial width

Previous research has shown links between the facial Width-to-Height Ratio (fWHR) and Assertiveness in brown capuchins, Sapajus apella. Similar to research in humans that suggests the male face may be a cue to dominance-related traits such as aggression, in capuchins, wider faces are associated with higher Assertiveness. In the current study we assessed whether capuchins differentiate between wide versus narrow faces. Using facial photographs manipulated for higher or lower fWHR, we examined capuchins' latency to approach a wide or narrow face, and compared this with their latency to approach an alpha versus non-alpha group member. We predicted that if capuchins perceive wider faces of unfamiliar individuals as more assertive than those with narrower faces, then they would exhibit a longer latency to approach the wide over the narrow face condition. Whilst capuchins did exhibit a significantly longer latency to approach alpha versus non-alpha group members, there was no significant difference in their latency to approach either manipulated facial condition. These results suggest that capuchins do not respond to static images in the same way as they respond to real conspecifics, or that they do not use facial width as a cue to Assertiveness in their approach behaviour. We propose alternative methodology to explore whether face width is a cue to social status or assertive traits in nonhuman primates.