Archetypes and design

Identification of basic archetypes and their remote structure in the context of civilization design, industrial and communicative design makes it possible to specify age-long stability of certain patterns and instruments. This contributes to design of effective models and necessary things. Archetypes as constantly recurring patterns of actions reflected in the mind in the form of unconscious schemes, patterns of thinking, behaviour and perception. Archetypes are a level of connection between being and thinking in the process of work, an area of contact of human corporeality and material side of the world. In the context of technical progress, miniaturization of gadgets and integration of functions, archetypal items remain highly-demanded. The clock with a round dial symbolizes the archetype of “eternal return”. Instruments and lever control systems, a lamp with the mechanism of “lever balance”, which simulates levels of human arm freedom, express the archetype of action. A jar made by a master on a potter’s wheel symbolizes a “vessel of life”, embodies the archetype of rotation, “wheel of life”. Symbolic figures of visual communication – circle, spiral, swastika and concentric circles – also present the archetype of rotation. Mandala, a special symbol that can be noticed in the design of visual communications, as well as in city plans in ancient civilizations, expresses the archetype of selfness. The design of civilizations has constants established by the contact of human corporeality and material side of the world. However, most of contemporary things that have a symbolic meaning lack being universal, since they are made within the structure of civilization, beyond incrustation of human corporeality in the world. Acting in the world, a person constantly repeats life patterns; this archetype of “eternal return” remains a basic attitude of the design.

Detection Method for the Internal Defect of the Part Based on the Lever Balance Principle

A detection method for the internal defect of the part based on the lever balance principle was presented; the defect method realized indirectly the nondestructive measurement through the relation of the volume and mass of the part’s internal pore or crack and the force change in the lever balanced system. On the basis of the relation of the part’s weight and the balances of the forces and the moments, the forces of the different position was measured in the lever balanced system after the part moved the minute distance through the fulcrum according to a certain directions. It calculated the every lamellar mass of the part and the coordinate values of the corresponding lamellar. Combined the equations of every lamellar masses and the equations of the center of gravity, and established the database of the every lamellar masses, it can realize the non-destructive detection for the internal defect of the part by computer. The measure principles, the mathematical theory basis and the detection method for the part’s internal pore or crack were introduced in details about the detection method based on the lever balance principle. The detection method can be operated simply and feasible and credible.

Dissonance and Information in Equilibration to Formal Operations

The effect of a dissonance procedure on equilibration to formal operations was examined by assessing 30 third-grade subjects on response level to a lever-balancing task after training on simple balance and proportional tasks. Typical Piagetian responses were used as indicators of stage level. Subjects who indicated conservation of volume and lack of formal operations for the lever-balance task were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: (a) a dissonance procedure, (b) information only, and (c) no information. An immediate posttest for generalization of learning and a delayed posttest for stabilization were administered. Subjects from all groups indicated advanced levels of response which remained through delayed posttests. It was concluded that interaction of the subjects with the measuring instrument was sufficient to facilitate equilibration which masked effect of the dissonance procedure. A more interactive dissonance procedure, elimination of the pretest on balance, and more information on the progression toward the proportionality schema at this age level are suggested.