Searching for Odderon in Exclusive Reactions

We discuss the possibility to use the pp → ppфф process in identifying the odderon exchange. So far, there is no unambiguous experimental evidence for the odderon, the charge conjugation C = −1 counterpart of the C = +1 pomeron. Last year, the results of the TOTEM collaboration suggest that the odderon exchange can be responsible for a disagreement of theoretical calculations and the TOTEM data for the elastic proton-proton scattering. Here, we present recent studies for the central exclusive production (CEP) of фф pairs in proton-proton collisions. We consider the pomeron-pomeron fusion to фф (PP → фф) through the continuum processes, due to the ^t- and ^u-channel reggeized ф-meson, photon, and odderon exchanges, as well as through the s-channel resonance process (PP → f2(2340) → фф). This f2 state is a candidate for a tensor glueball. The amplitudes for the processes are formulated within the tensor-pomeron and vector-odderon approach. Some model parameters are determined from the comparison to the WA102 experimental data. The odderon exchange is not excluded by the WA102 data for high фф invariant masses. The measurement of large Mфф or Ydiff events at the LHC would therefore suggest the presence of the odderon exchange. The process is advantageous, as here the odderon does not couple to protons.

Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Mn-Mgk Cation Complexes in GaN

Resonance Raman analysis is performed in order to gain insight into the nature of impurity-induced Raman features in GaN:(Mn,Mg) hosting Mn-Mgk cation complexes and representing a prospective strategic material for the realization of full-nitride photonic devices emitting in the infra-red. It is found that in contrast to the case of GaN:Mn, the resonance enhancement of Mn-induced modes at sub-band excitation in Mg co-doped samples is not observed at an excitation of 2.4 eV, but shifts to lower energies, an effect explained by a resonance process involving photoionization of a hole from the donor level of Mn to the valence band of GaN. Selective excitation within the resonance Raman conditions allows the structure of the main Mn-induced phonon band at ~670 cm−1 to be resolved into two distinct components, whose relative intensity varies with the Mg/Mn ratio and correlates with the concentration of different Mn-Mgk cation complexes. Moreover, from the relative intensity of the 2LO and 1LO Raman resonances at inter-band excitation energy, the Huang-Rhys parameter has been estimated and, consequently, the strength of the electron-phonon interaction, which is found to increase linearly with the Mg/Mn ratio. Selective temperature-dependent enhancement of the high-order multiphonon peaks is due to variation in resonance conditions of exciton-mediated outgoing resonance Raman scattering by detuning the band gap.

Effect of nasal obstruction in the acoustic analysis of voice

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The voice is the main form of communication between humans and the nasal and sinusal cavity participates in the resonance process. An alteration in the nasal diameter can produce changes in the voice. The objective of this study was to relate the degree of nasal obstruction measured by the SNOT 20 questionnaire to the acoustic analysis of the voice. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">58 non-smoker volunteers without laryngeal pathology where included, 25 women (43%) and 33 men (57%). The average age was 22.1 years (±1.7). The laryngopharyngeal reflux and SNOT20 questionnaires were applied together with an acoustic analysis, we measured fundamental frequency, Jitter and Shimmer. The analysis was done separating in groups by sex and by SNOT score (less than 20 points and equal or higher than 20). </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The average of SNOT questionnaire was 15.06 (±11.8), we found no relation between the scores of the SNOT20 questionnaire with Jitter, fundamental frequency, Shimmer or voice intensity (p≥0.01). When separated by groups, the analysis by sex or by scores (SNOT &gt; or &lt; than 20 groups) did not show a statistically significant relationship. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">In this study we did not find a relation between changes in acoustic analysis in Fundamental frequency, Jitter and Shimmer and the degree of nasal obstruction measured by SNOT 20. The groups of gender and severity of SNOT did not show relationship. More studies are necessary in order to evaluate the relation of nasal obstruction and the acoustic analysis of the voice.</span></p><p> </p>

Reactivation of neural patterns during memory reinstatement supports encoding specificity

Encoding specificity or transfer appropriate processing state that memory benefits when items are encoded and retrieved in the same modality compared to when encoding and retrieval is conducted in different modalities. In neural terms, these effects can be expressed by a resonance process between a memory cue and a stored engram; the more the two overlap the better memory performance. We here used temporal pattern analysis in MEG to tap into this resonance process. We predicted that reactivation of sensory patterns established during encoding has opposing effects depending on whether there is a match or mismatch between the memory cue and the encoding modality. To test this prediction items were presented either visually or aurally during encoding and in a recognition test to create match (e.g. “dog” presented aurally during encoding and recognition) and mismatch conditions (e.g. “dog” presented aurally during encoding and shown visually during recognition). Memory performance was better for items in the match compared to the mismatch condition. MEG results showed that memory benefitted from neural pattern reinstatement only in the match condition, but suffered from reinstatement in the mismatch condition. These behavioural and neural effects were asymmetric in that they were only obtained for aurally encoded words but not for visually encoded words. A simple computational model was generated in order to simulate these opposing effects of neural pattern reactivation on memory performance. We argue that these results suggest that reactivation of neural patterns established during encoding underlies encoding specificity or transfer appropriate processing.

Research on Wireless Power Transmission Based on Magnetic Resonance Coupling

e. The formalism of wireless power transmission is discussed coupled mode theory can be used to describe the resonance process. According to the changing process of input impedance and input current to describe the demarcate of resonant frequency. also demonstrate that loop circuits have an important effect of the resonant magnetic field distribution.