Analisis Perencanaan Produksi Roti Untuk Memenuhi Permintaan di UD. Bunga Bakery

Perencanaan produksi dapat didefinisikan sebagai proses untuk memproduksi barang pada suatu periode tertentu sesuai dengan yang diramalkan atau dijadwalkan melalui pengorganisasian sumber daya seperti tenaga kerja, bahan baku, mesin serta peralatan lainnya. Penentuan jumlah optimal produk yang akan diproduksi menjadi kunci bagi perencanaan produksi yang tepat. Kebutuhan produksi dilakukan untuk memenuhi permintaan pada tingkat biaya yang minimum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengestimasikan (meramalkan) permintaan dimana bisa dijadikan dasar untuk membuat suatu perencanaan produksi, dengan menentukan berapa jumlah produk yang akan dihasilkan, mendayagunakan sumber daya yang terbatas secara efisien. Dan meningkatkan kapasitas produksi guna memenuhi naik turunnya permintaan. Setelah dilakukan peramalan dengan menggunakan metode konstan, linier dan kuadratis roti isian rasa sarikaya, coklat, kelapa, blueberry, nenas dengan metode kesalahan terkecil yakni standard error estimate (SEE) didapatkan metode konstan yang memiliki nilai kesalahan terkecil. Periode berikutnya diramalkan jumlah permintaan roti rasa sarikaya sebesar 464700 bungkus, rasa coklat 1390152 bungkus, rasa kelapa

ESTIMATIVA DA NECESSIDADE DE IRRIGAÇÃO NA CULTURA DO MILHO SAFRINHA EM SORRISO-MT POR MÉTODOS AGROCLIMATOLÓGICOS

RESUMO - O milho “safrinha” é considerado uma cultura de alto risco devido à baixa disponibilidade hídrica noperíodo em que é cultivado. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o desempenho de dois modelos de estimativade evapotranspiração de referência (ETo), visando realizar o manejo da irrigação, via balanço hídrico, em três cenárioscom índices pluviométricos distintos no município de Sorriso-MT. O estudo foi realizado para uma área de 9,3ha, utilizando-se dados climatológicos diários dos anos considerados médio, seco e úmido para estimativa da ETopelos modelos de Hargreaves-Samani e Priestley-Taylor. Realizou-se o balanço hídrico para a cultura em sistema deirrigação por aspersão convencional com turno de rega fixo de três dias. Consideraram-se os coeficientes de correlação(r), determinação (r2), concordância de Willmott (d), desempenho (c) e estimativa do erro padrão (EEP) avaliando osmodelos comparando-os com os valores estimados pelo método de Penman-Monteith (PM). Os modelos estudadosapresentaram desempenhos “ótimo” e “muito bom” para os três cenários, porém não se mostraram sustentáveis.Geraram-se equações para validar o uso dos modelos estudados para as lâminas que superestimaram PM. O cenárioseco apresentou a maior lâmina total (irrigação e precipitação efetiva), enquanto que o chuvoso demandou menoreslâminas de irrigação.Palavras-chave: balanço hídrico, evapotranspiração, simulação, aspersão, Zea mays L.ESTIMATION OF FERTILIZATION REQUIREMENTS IN THE OFF-SEASON MAIZE THROUGH AGROCLIMATOLOGICAL METHODSABSTRACT - Off-season maize is considered a high-risk culture due to the low water availability in the growth period.The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two reference evapotranspiration (ETo) estimationmodels, in order to carry out irrigation management by water balance, in three scenarios with different rainfall inSorriso-MT. The study was conducted in an area of 9.3 ha, using daily climatological data for the years consideredmedium, dry and wet to estimate the ETo by the models of Hargreaves-Samani and Priestley-Taylor. The water balancewas made for crop grown under conventional sprinkler irrigation system with fixed irrigation interval of three days.To evaluate the performance, models were considered: the correlation (r) and determination (r²) coefficients, Willmottagreement (d), performance (c) and standard error estimate (EEP), taking Penman-Monteith (PM) as reference. Thestudied models presented performances classified as “great” and “very good” for the three scenarios, but they aren’tsustainable as the correct use of water. Equations were generated to validate the use of the studied models for the waterdepths that overestimated the PM values. The dry year demanded greater total water depths (irrigation and effectiveprecipitation), while the rainy year demanded lower irrigation depths.Keywords: water balance, evapotranspiration, simulation, sprinkler irrigation, Zea mays L.

ESTIMATIVA DA NECESSIDADE DE IRRIGAÇÃO NA CULTURA DO MILHO SAFRINHA EM SORRISO-MT POR MÉTODOS AGROCLIMATOLÓGICOS

RESUMO - O milho “safrinha” é considerado uma cultura de alto risco devido à baixa disponibilidade hídrica no período em que é cultivado. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o desempenho de dois modelos de estimativa de evapotranspiração de referência (ETo), visando realizar o manejo da irrigação, via balanço hídrico, em três cenários com índices pluviométricos distintos no município de Sorriso-MT. O estudo foi realizado para uma área de 9,3 ha, utilizando-se dados climatológicos diários dos anos considerados médio, seco e úmido para estimativa da ETo pelos modelos de Hargreaves-Samani e Priestley-Taylor. Realizou-se o balanço hídrico para a cultura em sistema de irrigação por aspersão convencional com turno de rega fixo de três dias. Consideraram-se os coeficientes de correlação (r), determinação (r2), concordância de Willmott (d), desempenho (c) e estimativa do erro padrão (EEP) avaliando os modelos comparando-os com os valores estimados pelo método de Penman-Monteith (PM). Os modelos estudados apresentaram desempenhos “ótimo” e “muito bom” para os três cenários, porém não se mostraram sustentáveis. Geraram-se equações para validar o uso dos modelos estudados para as lâminas que superestimaram PM. O cenário seco apresentou a maior lâmina total (irrigação e precipitação efetiva), enquanto que o chuvoso demandou menores lâminas de irrigação.Palavras-chave: balanço hídrico, evapotranspiração, simulação, aspersão, Zea mays L.ESTIMATION OF FERTILIZATION REQUIREMENTS IN THE OFF-SEASON MAIZE THROUGH AGROCLIMATOLOGICAL METHODSABSTRACT - Off-season maize is considered a high-risk culture due to the low water availability in the growth period. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two reference evapotranspiration (ETo) estimation models, in order to carry out irrigation management by water balance, in three scenarios with different rainfall in Sorriso-MT. The study was conducted in an area of 9.3 ha, using daily climatological data for the years considered medium, dry and wet to estimate the ETo by the models of Hargreaves-Samani and Priestley-Taylor. The water balance was made for crop grown under conventional sprinkler irrigation system with fixed irrigation interval of three days. To evaluate the performance, models were considered: the correlation (r) and determination (r²) coefficients, Willmott agreement (d), performance (c) and standard error estimate (EEP), taking Penman-Monteith (PM) as reference. The studied models presented performances classified as “great” and “very good” for the three scenarios, but they aren’t sustainable as the correct use of water. Equations were generated to validate the use of the studied models for the water depths that overestimated the PM values. The dry year demanded greater total water depths (irrigation and effective precipitation), while the rainy year demanded lower irrigation depths.Keywords: water balance, evapotranspiration, simulation, sprinkler irrigation, Zea mays L.

DETERMINATION OF EPOCH LENGTH AND REGRESSION MODEL FOR 15-SECOND SEGMENT OF SEMG SIGNAL USED IN JOINT ANALYSIS OF ELECTROMYOGRAPHY SPECTRUM AND AMPLITUDE

Regression model is one of the techniques employed in Joint Analysis of Electromyography Spectrum and Amplitude (JASA) to investigate the behaviour of muscle fatigue indices. However, the analysis of the electromyography signal is influenced by the epoch length and regression model used. To meaningfully describe the behaviour of fatigue indices, this study was conducted to determine the appropriate epoch length and regression model for 15-second segment of electromyography signal. Ten subjects participated in this study. With their right forearm and upper arm formed an angle of 90 degree, the subjects were asked to hold a 2-kg dumbbell and stayed in that position for 2 minutes. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to record the signal from the biceps brachii muscle. Two fatigue indices were extracted: Root Mean Square (RMS) and Mean Frequency (MNF). The 120-second sEMG signal from each subject was then sliced into 8 segments (15 seconds each). In each segment, the effect of different epoch lengths (1-second, 3-second, and 5-second) was studied. Standard Error Estimate (SEE) was used to decide the suitable epoch length. The 3-second and 5-second epoch lengths were found to fit the regression model better (smaller SEE value). When 3-second and 5-second epoch lengths were applied in different regression models (linear and polynomial), polynomial regression was found to better estimate the behaviour of the fatigue indices (higher correlation coefficient). This study concludes that 3-second and 5-second epoch length can fit the polynomial regression well. However, fatigue behaviour (pattern of changes in fatigue indices) for every 15-second segment of sEMG signal is better described by JASA using polynomial regression with 3-second epoch length.

A specific bioelectrical impedance equation to predict body composition in Turner's syndrome

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes for Turner syndrome (TS) mortality and the evaluation of its risk factors such as excess body fat and its distribution is considered one of the major aspects of the adult patient care. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a specific bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) equation to predict body composition in TS patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Clinical and anthropometric data, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for total fat-free mass (FFM) and BIA for resistance and reactance were obtained from 50 adult TS patients. Linear regression analysis was performed with multiple clinical and BIA data to obtain a predicting equation. RESULTS: The equation developed to estimate FFM in adult TS patients showed great consistency with DXA, elevated correlation (r = 0. 974) and determination (r² = 0. 948) coefficients and an adequate standard error estimate (SEE = 1.52 kg). CONCLUSIONS: The specific equation developed here allowed making an adequate FFM estimate in adult TS patients.

PLEA FROM META-ANALYSTS

Most meta-analyses will require from each study [in a review] both a point estimate of effect and an estimate of its standard error. Therefore, in the interest of facilitating future reviews, authors, referees, and editors should ensure that published extracts and reports provide both the point estimate for an association and its standard error, or confidence limits. . . . A point estimate accompanied only by a p value will not generally provide for accurate computation of a standard error estimate.