APPLICATION OF PROTEOMIC TOOLS: THE AUTOLYTIC CHANGES OF PORK MUSCULAR TISSUE

Eight protein substances that undergo changes during autolysis were found using the electrophoretic methods with the following mass spectrometric identification. The revealed protein substances have different origin: structural proteins (fragments of troponins T and myosin light chains), and metabolic proteins (creatine kinase, pyruvate kinase and alpha-enolase). The decomposition of the fractions of fast skeletal muscle troponin T in 28.0 kDa, 27 kDa and 26.5 kDa was most pronounced.Identification of constitutive proteins and detection of the products of post — mortem degradation of protein molecules make them suitable candidates for meat quality markers and the following study of these specific fragments will lead to better understanding of the proteolytic activities that take part in the post mortem muscle transformation into meat.

PECTORO-EPICONDYLARIS: A RARE EXTENSION OF THE PECTORALIS MAJOR MUSCLE. Pectoro-epicondilaris: Una rara extensión del músculo pectoral mayor

El músculo pectoral mayor es propenso a varias incongruencias morfológicas. Diferentes deslizamien-tos musculares son comunes entre ellos. Sin embargo, durante la disección rutinaria de un cadáver masculino de 55 años por estudiantes de pregrado, se encontró una variante rara de la extensión tendinosa del músculo pectoral mayor. Surgía de la lámina profunda del tendón muscular bilaminar cerca de su inserción en el húmero. En su camino a unirse al tabique intermuscular medial del brazo y finalmente al epicóndilo medial del húmero, cruzó todas las estructuras en la parte delantera del brazo de lateral a medial. Considerando la extensión tendinosa de forma proximal, no se observó formación muscular separada. Esta variante de deslizamiento puede ser nombrada como músculo pectoral epicondilario. El conocimiento de esta variación particular puede ser de especial interés para los radiólogos y médicos en procedimien-tos tales como transformación de músculo, trasplante de tendón y uso en los colgajos miocutáneos durante cirugías reconstructivas. The pectoralis major muscle is prone to various morphological incongruities. Variant muscular slips are common among them. However during routine dissection for undergraduate students in a 55-year-old male cadaver, a rare variation of the tendinous extension of the pectoralis major muscle was found. It was arising from the deep lamina of the muscular bilaminar tendon close to its insertion to the humerus. On its way to be attached to the medial intermuscular septum of the arm and finally to the medial epicondyle of the humerus, it crossed all the structures in the front of the arm from lateral to medial. Tracing this tendinous extension slip proximally, no separate muscular extension was observed. this variant slip may be named as pectoro-epicondylaris muscle. The know-ledge of this particular variation could be of special interest to radiologists and clinicians in procedures such as muscle transformation, tendon transplantation and use of myo-cutaneous flaps during reconstructive surgeries.

The remodelling of skeletal muscle for indefatigable hemodynamic work

Skeletal muscle possesses inherent plasticity of gene expression. Low frequency pulse-train stimulation can remodel the biochemical machinery that confers physiological expression and fatigue resistance approaching that of the myocardium. This fatigue-resistant muscle can generate sufficient force to meet the power requirements for useful cardiac work. This ultimate goal is currently being pursued in models of cardiomyoplasty and muscle-powered cardiac assist devices. In this article, we review the three major subcellular systems subserving canine skeletal muscle transformation and compare them to those of cardiac muscle. The magnitude of the problem of clinical heart failure and the feasibility of fatigue-resistant skeletal muscle joining the therapeutic armamentarium are addressed. The adaptation and transformation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle in response to chronic electrical stimulation augers therapeutic potential as an endogenous, readily available power source for myocardial assistance. The basis mechanisms of skeletal muscle fatigue require elucidation to gain a complete and thorough understanding of how to manipulate this property to provide continuous hemodynamic work.Key words: muscle transformation, pulse-train stimulation, cardiomyoplasty, counterpulsation, cardiac assist, myosin isoforms, sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase, myofibrillar ATPase.