Engineering, Durability, and Sustainability Properties Analysis of High-Volume, PCC Ash-Based Concrete

This study aims to analyze the engineering properties and durability of binary blended concrete incorporating pulverized coal combustion ash (PCC ash) produced in local areas and assesses the sustainability. For this, tests and evaluations were carried out under conditions in which the unit binder weight and unit water weight were fixed at 330 and 175 kg/m3, respectively, while the replacement ratio of PCC ash increased from 0% to 70% at 10% intervals. The results showed that the replacement ratio of PCC ash should be less than 38.9% in order to secure the target compressive strength (fck = 24 MPa) at the age of 28 days in field application. The durability test found that as the replacement ratio of PCC ash increased, the carbonation depth and relative dynamic elastic modulus increased, while the chloride penetration depth decreased. However, the weight–loss ratio remained similar. It was also found that the optimum PCC ash replacement ratio, which satisfies four durability parameters and can ensure the target compressive strength (fck = 24 MPa) in the case of mix proportion conditions set in this study, ranges from 20.0% to 38.9%. The sustainability assessment results showed that as the replacement ratio of PCC ash increased, the global warming potential (GWP), ozone layer depletion potential (ODP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP) and abiotic depletion potential (ADP) decreased. Therefore, it was proven that the replacement of PCC ash instead of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) under the same concrete mix proportions is effective at reducing environmental impacts.

Effect of Iron Powder on Strength of Binary Blended Concrete

The by-products generated from milling industries are iron powders which are harmful resources to human health since they are in the air and can be straightforwardly breathe in. To prevail over this setback we have to dispose the iron powder safely without any environmental hazards. As a result, consumption on iron powder in the concrete has been developed. This study made an attempt to make utilize iron powder waste as a part substitution of Portland cement in M25 grade concrete mix by the volume of fraction in the range of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%. The compressive strength test was conducted for the various mix proportions and the achieved strength properties were compared with those of conventional concrete after 28 days. However, the effect of iron powder with 2% partial replacement of cement exhibit an maximum improvement in compressive strength of about 29.80% when compared to that of conventional concrete.

Influence of Dosage of Super Plasticizer on the Mechanical Properties of Binary Blended Concrete

Women are an equal soul of men by comprises men in her name itself but really they are treated equal among men. There is a broad gap in between past and present centuries. Women are treated poorly on past centuries by getting huge works, asking more dowries and even killing female infant but in present century these has been reduced and crimes are increased more in numbers against women like abducted, murdered, raped and harassed in various ways. This assessment is on women’s tracking system which helps them in their safety and security. Although there are n numbers of tracking devices still crimes against women are in an increasing rate. These crimes have to be reduced in an effective ways of implementing versatile tracking system by combining various technologies into a single integrated unit

Feasibility of Eco-Friendly Binary and Ternary Blended Binders Made of Fly-Ash and Oil-Refinery Spent Catalyst in Ready-Mixed Concrete Production

Large-scale recycling of new industrial wastes or by-products in concrete has become a crucial issue for construction materials sustainability, with impact in the three pillars (environmental, social and economic), while still maintaining satisfactory, or improved, concrete performance. The main goal of the paper is to evaluate the technological feasibility of the partial, or total, replacement of fly-ashes (FA), widely used in ready-mixed concrete production, with spent equilibrium catalyst (ECat) from the oil-refinery industry. Three different concrete mixtures with binary binder blends of FA (33.3% by mass, used as reference) and of ECat (16.7% and 33.3%), as well as a concrete mixture with a ternary binder blend with FA and ECat (16.7%, of each) were tested regarding their mechanical properties and durability. Generically, in comparison with commercial concrete (i) 16.7% ECat binary blended concrete revealed improved mechanical strength and durability; (ii): ternary FA-ECat blended binder concrete presented similar properties; and (iii) 33% ECat binary blended concrete has a lower performance. The engineering performance of all ECat concretes meet both the international standards and the reference durability indicators available in the scientific literature. Thus, ECat can be a constant supply for ready-mixed eco-concretes production, promoting synergetic waste recycling across industries.