Internally-headed and doubly-headed relatives in Japanese -- How are they related to each other?

Grosu & Hoshi (2019:20), in their rejoinder to Kitagawa (2019), propose that apparent violations of island constraints in the so-called internally-headed relative clauses are accounted for by considering them as reduced doubly-headed relative clauses. This paper shows that this claim by Grosu and Hoshi is not empirically sustainable, and further that it misses the discourse function of doubly-headed relative clauses. A discussion of gapless light-headed externally-headed relative clauses is also presented so as to identify how this construction type interrelates with internally-headed relative clauses and doubly-headed relative clauses.

Structural Means for Fire-Safe Wooden Façade Design

This study investigates five fire stop variants used to limit the spread of fire on wooden façades. For this purpose, five fire tests using various types of wooden façade claddings and different fire stops were conducted as full-scale tests and compared to the existing findings. The influences and interactions between the material qualities of the external wall behind the façade cladding, the construction type of the wooden façade cladding, the design of the substructure, the depth of the ventilation gap, and the design of the fire stops were investigated. In evaluating the fire stops, the design of the interior corners, the joint design, and the influence of thermal expansion were examined. Finally, design proposals for the design of fire stops at wooden façades in order to limit the spread of fire were derived based on this evaluation. The outlook presents further needs that need to be investigated in the future in order to clarify undiscussed aspects or points that were ultimately not evaluated within the scope of this study. Graphical Abstract

An LFG approach to Icelandic reciprocal constructions

Reciprocal constructions in Icelandic involve complex interactions of gender, number, and case. Icelandic prescriptive grammars describe a single construction type, but actual Icelandic usage reveals there to be a number of variations on this construction. In this chapter Hurst and Nordlinger present these variant construction types, based on the results of a survey undertaken by over 500 Icelandic speakers. They discuss the different morphosyntactic properties of these reciprocal constructions and show how they can be given a straightforward account in LFG. They argue that our LFG account not only provides a natural analysis of the different individual constructions, but also of the relationship between them, potentially reflecting stages of historical development in the Icelandic reciprocal construction over time.

Application of Environmental Psychology in the Design of Intelligent Agricultural Garden

In order to improve the design quality of intelligent agricultural park and meet the needs of tourists, the concept of environmental psychology is applied to the design of sightseeing park. Combined with the basic concept of environmental psychology, this paper analyzes the relationship between environmental psychology and the design of smart agricultural park, so as to determine the behavior needs of the audience. On this basis, the construction type of the garden sightseeing park is determined, and the appropriate construction site is selected according to its construction orientation. Combined with wireless sensor technology, multiple sensors are deployed to design the spatial layout of the smart agricultural park from two aspects of spatial zoning and sightseeing routes, and natural resources, human resources and park facilities are included in the design. Finally, the design results of the smart agricultural park are obtained. The concept of environmental psychology is applied to the practical design of intelligent agricultural park. Through the comparison, it is found that the application of environmental psychology can better meet the viewing needs of tourists, and the comprehensive score is also improved.

Humour in Children’s and Young Adult Literature: The Work of Gilles Bachelet

The work of the French illustrator and writer Gilles Bachelet has been recognised through numerous awards, but he is not yet sufficiently well known in the critical community. In this article, the multilevel humour that constructs his work is studied, both from an iconic and a textual perspective, as well as the situational humour and the humour of characters that emerge through metafiction, self-referentiality and heteroreferentiality. For this purpose, the theories of humour in children’s literature and the classifications of types of humour offered by different researchers are used as a starting point, and a mixed model of analysis applicable to Bachelet’s work as a whole is proposed. In addition, the analysis of each of the picturebooks is based on the most recent studies on the components of the current picturebook, such as its narrative construction, type of reading, characteristics and organisation of text and image. In this way, the postmodern features of Gilles Bachelet's works, which make him a crossover author, are revealed.

Markov chain based on neutrosophic numbers in decision making

Markov chain is a stochastic model for estimating the equilibrium of any system. It is a unique mathematical model in which the future behavior of the system depends only on the present. Often biased possibilities can be used over biased probabilities, for handling uncertain information to define Markov chain using fuzzy environment. Indeterminacy is different from randomness due to its construction type where the items involved in the space are true and false in the same time. In this context as an extension of conventional and fuzzy probabilities neutrosophic probability (NP) was introduced. These neutrosophic probabilities can be captured as neutrosophic numbers. In this paper, Markov chain based on neutrosophic numbers is introduced and a new approach to the ergoticity for the traffic states in the neutrosophic Markov chain based on neutrosophic numbers is verified. The proposed approach is applied to decision-making in the prediction of traffic volume.

About simulated influence of roof- and wall-greening on an old people’s home in Helsinki, Finland, during the 2018 heatwave event - Drebs, Achim, …

<p>Due to geographical location extended heat-waves occurs in coastal high-latitude areas or cities rather seldom.</p><p>In our research we describe influences of roof- and wall-greening on micro-meteorological conditions around (and in?) a moderate insulated stand-alone six-storey concrete building in Helsinki, Finland. The block of flats serves as an old people's home and being built in the late 1970’s, it represents the prevailing construction type of that era. The building is located on a slightly southwards declining slope, and the neighbouring buildings are 30 meters away.</p><p>We applied the holistic ENVI-met simulation soft-ware and used real meteorological forcing-data as input for the simulations.  The study focused on a 24-day heat-wave event in summer 2018. During the period from July, 13<sup>th</sup> until August, 5<sup>th</sup>, the daily maximum air temperature reached almost every day 25 °C and more, sometimes even more than 30 °C. All one-hour air temperature, wind, humidity, and solar radiation (cloudiness) measurements were conducted at a near-by synoptic weather station.</p><p> The ENVI-met soft-ware has standard set-ups for green roof and green wall properties for simulations of their impacts on the thermal condition. We simulated different levels of insulation (poor, moderate, and good) and used the roof- and wall-greening separately or together in order to find the optimal combination of different greening options. Furthermore, we analysed the physical environment around the old people’s home from the aspect of human comfort, especially the influences of the simulated green infrastructures in front of the building.</p><p>The research is part of the HEATCLIM-project financed by the Academy of Finland Science Program CLIHE (2020-2023).</p>