COMPARISON OF SURFACE LAYER TEMPERATURE ATMOSPHERE AT TWO METEOROLOGICAL POINTS IN KABARDINO-BALKARIAN STATE HIGHLAND RESERVE

В статье проведено сравнение средней температуры приземного слоя атмосферы для двух ме- теорологических пунктов: Верхняя Балкария и Безенги , расположенных на территории заповедника на разной высоте над уровнем моря 1 049 м и 1 700 м. В результате сравнения данных, полученных в течение 3 лет, с 2011 по 2013 гг., выявлено, что разница между средними месячными значениями температуры при- земного слоя атмосферы увеличивается от года к году. The article compares the average temperature of the surface layer of the atmosphere for two meteorological stations: Verkhnaya-Balkaria and Bezengi located on the territory of the reserve at different altitudes above sea level - 1049 m and 1700 m. As a result of comparison of the data obtained during 3 -th years - from 2011 to 2013, it was revealed that the difference between the average monthly values of the temperature of the surface layer of the atmosphere increases from year to year.

Feature of formation of the Black Sea surface layer temperature during air cold intrusions

Application of the results of the drifter observations performed in the western Black Sea permitted to show that during air cold intrusions (CI) in winter accompanied by the wind (10 m/c and more), the upper mixed layer (UML) was cooled by 0,1-0,2 °C in course of a day. At that the seasonal thermocline (ST) and the cold intermediate water (CIW) sink deeper; after CI is over these layers rise to the depths smaller than their previous ones. It results in decrease of temperature in UML and its increase, as compared to the period preceding CI, in the layer below ST. The process of the sea upper layer mixing is explained by the fact that anti-cyclonic mesoscale vortices are involved in it.

Modeling and Experimental Investigations of the Surface Layer Temperature of Titanium Alloys during AEDG Processing

Observing the latest manufacturing processes, the following tendencies can be noted: the gain of the energetic efficiency and shortening of the processing time with parallel preservation of the dimensions tolerance, shape tolerance and outer layer quality of the processed workpiece. Also the possibilities of gaining efficiency by rising criteria for process parameters are limited. It is mainly observed in the processing of hard machinable materials like titanium alloys or sintered carbides. Problems related to poor machinability were revealed during the final manufacturing processes using abrasive grinding [1,2]. In this work the results which have been presented are related to the influence by selected electrical parameters of the Abrasive Electrodischarge Grinding (AEDG) on the surface layer temperature of machined samples, in comparison to conventional grinding. Also the change in temperature during the AEDG has been depicted. The basis of this work is similar to the investigations of the deep grinding of surfaces of the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V using CBN and a diamond grinding wheel. For the comparative evaluation of the conventional grinding and AEDG, measurements of the specific grinding energy, energy of the spark discharge and internal stresses in the surface layer have been used.

Numerical Simulation on Oasis Effect over Northwestern China

The characteristics of air temperature, circulation and energy budget of Jinta Oasis are simulated by WRF model, which is the weather research and forecast model of NCAR. The results show that the WRF model has good quality in simulating the diurnal characteristics of surface layer temperature, wind fields, net radiation, sensible heat flux and latent flux. In addition, the model initial fields were also modified by observations of soil temperature and moisture in order to improve the simulations in this study due to important roles of the soil moisture and temperature playing in affecting the cold island effect, the wet island effect properties and surface energy budget balance over the oasis in arid area. Then, the microclimate characteristics and local thermal circulation generated by inhomogeneous underlying surface over Jinta Oasis are analyzed.

Zooplankton diversity and distribution in a deep and anoxic Mediterranean coastal lake

The variation of the smaller size fraction of zooplankton was investigated during a two-year period in a brackish deep and anoxic coastal lake of western Greece (Aitoliko), along with the specific environmental characteristics of this ecosystem. The zooplanktonic community comprised a relatively small number of taxa and it was dominated by brackish-water calanoid copepods (Paracartia latisetosa, Calanipeda aquaedulcis) and in certain periods by rotifers and tintinnids. The zooplankton abundance showed an increase in the warmer period starting from late spring and reached maximum values in July. In the well oxygenated surface layer, temperature was the most important parameter influencing the seasonal cycles of all groups. In contrast, the oxygen depletion a few meters under the surface affected the vertical distribution of most of the zooplankton groups, which were found restricted in the surface layer especially from spring until autumn. Only the meroplanktonic larvae of polychaetes presented increased proportions in the deeper layers. Salinity has not significantly influenced the zooplanktonic assemblages. The results point out the degraded status of the Aitoliko basin where the hypoxic/anoxic layers resulted to a high portion of dead organic material identified as copepod carcasses, and underlines the necessity of monitoring of this ecosystem.