Exercise Preconditioning Blunts Early Atrogenes Expression and Atrophy in Gastrocnemius Muscle of Hindlimb Unloaded Mice

A large set of FoxOs-dependent genes play a primary role in controlling muscle mass during hindlimb unloading. Mitochondrial dysfunction can modulate such a process. We hypothesized that endurance exercise before disuse can protect against disuse-induced muscle atrophy by enhancing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) expression and preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and energy-sensing AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. We studied cross sectional area (CSA) of muscle fibers of gastrocnemius muscle by histochemistry following 1, 3, 7, and 14 days of hindlimb unloading (HU). We used Western blotting and qRT-PCR to study mitochondrial dynamics and FoxOs-dependent atrogenes’ expression at 1 and 3 days after HU. Preconditioned animals were submitted to moderate treadmill exercise for 7 days before disuse. Exercise preconditioning protected the gastrocnemius from disuse atrophy until 7 days of HU. It blunted alterations in mitochondrial dynamics up to 3 days after HU and the expression of most atrogenes at 1 day after disuse. In preconditioned mice, the activation of atrogenes resumed 3 days after HU when mitochondrial dynamics, assessed by profusion and pro-fission markers (mitofusin 1, MFN1, mitofusin 2, MFN2, optic atrophy 1, OPA1, dynamin related protein 1, DRP1 and fission 1, FIS1), PGC1α levels, and AMPK activation were at a basal level. Therefore, the normalization of mitochondrial dynamics and function was not sufficient to prevent atrogenes activation just a few days after HU. The time course of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression and content paralleled the time course of atrogenes’ expression. In conclusion, seven days of endurance exercise counteracted alterations of mitochondrial dynamics and the activation of atrogenes early into disuse. Despite the normalization of mitochondrial dynamics, the effect on atrogenes’ suppression died away within 3 days of HU. Interestingly, muscle protection lasted until 7 days of HU. A longer or more intense exercise preconditioning may prolong atrogenes suppression and muscle protection.

A Qualitative Study of Current Rehab Practices for Muscular Dystrophies: Views and Experiences of Rehab Professionals

Date Presented Accepted for AOTA INSPIRE 2021 but unable to be presented due to online event limitations Individuals with adult-onset muscular dystrophies do not die from the disease but have progressive loss of occupational performance (OP) and quality of life. There is no consistent pathway for referral and access to rehab services. OTs are under-used, even though the greatest need is improvement in OP. The lack of guidelines makes outcomes inconsistent. To work, gene therapies require muscle bulk. OTs may train clients in muscle protection to maintain muscle, giving them a chance at a cure. Primary Author and Speaker: Renuka Roche Additional Authors and Speakers: Kaitlin Graf Contributing Authors: Joseph A. Roche

IMPLEMENTASI SENAM PENGUIN SEBAGAI KEGIATAN OLAHRAGA RUTIN SANTRI PONPES SABILUNAJAT

Aktivitas fisik pada remaja, termasuk siswa, bermanfaat dalam meningkatkan status kesehatan dan meningkatkan pendapatan yang dapat mendukung produktivitas dan konsentrasi dalam pembelajaran. Selain itu, mencegah kanker kardiovaskular, diabetes, kanker usus besar dan kanker payudara dan depresi. aktivitas fisik memiliki tubuh dan tinggi yang panjang. Aktivitas fisik dapat berupa berlari, melompat dan melakukan latihan yang memiliki efek efektif pada peningkatan tulang. Anggota Pengabdian Masyarakat Ini untuk melihat dari pelaksanaan Senam Pingun pada siswa di Madrasah Sabilunnajat Ciamis Jawa Barat yang memiliki jadwal yang sangat baik untuk meningkatkan perlindungan otot. Latihan ini dilakukan ketika siswa melakukan olahraga rutin yang dilakukan oleh beberapa siswa untuk menemani mereka. Metode yang digunakan adalah menggunakan video senam penguin dengan durasi 3 menit dan diulang dua kali. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penerapan senam penguin adalah siswa baru yang disetujui yang berada dalam gerakan seperti ini yang unik dan tidak dikeluarkan. Semoga senam penguin ini bisa diterapkan oleh siswa dan pesantren.---Physical activity in adolescents, including students, is beneficial in improving health status and increasing income that can support productivity and concentration in learning. In addition, it prevents cardiovascular cancer, diabetes, colon cancer and breast cancer and depression. physical activity has a long body and height. Physical activity can take the form of running, jumping and doing exercises that have an effective effect on bone enhancement. Members of Community Service This is to see from the implementation of pingun gymnastics at students in the Madrasah Sabilunnajat Ciamis West Java who have an excellent schedule for improving muscle protection. This exercise is done when students do routine sports conducted by several students to accompany them. The method used is to use video penguin gymnastics with a duration of 3 minutes and repeated twice. The results obtained from the implementation of the penguin gymnastics are the new approved santri who are in movements like this that are unique and not issued. Hopefully this penguin gymnastics can be applied by students and Islamic boarding schools

Extracellular Vesicles From Adipose Stem Cells Prevent Muscle Damage and Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Hind Limb Ischemia

Objectives: Critical hindlimb ischemia is a severe consequence of peripheral artery disease. Surgical treatment does not prevent skeletal muscle impairment or improve long-term patient outcomes. The present study investigates the protective/regenerative potential and the mechanism of action of adipose stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (ASC-EVs) in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia. Approach and Results: We demonstrated that ASC-EVs exert a protective effect on muscle damage by acting both on tissue microvessels and muscle cells. The genes involved in muscle regeneration were up-regulated in the ischemic muscles of ASC-EV-treated animals. MyoD expression has also been confirmed in satellite cells. This was followed by a reduction in muscle function impairment in vivo. ASC-EVs drive myoblast proliferation and differentiation in the in vitro ischemia/reoxygenation model. Moreover, ASC-EVs have shown an anti-apoptotic effect both in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptomic analyses have revealed that ASC-EVs carry a variety of pro-angiogenic mRNAs, while proteomic analyses have demonstrated an enrichment of NRG1 (neuregulin 1). A NRG1 blocking antibody used in vivo demonstrated that NRG1 is relevant to ASC-EV-induced muscle protection, vascular growth, and recruitment of inflammatory cells. Finally, bioinformatic analyses on 18 molecules that were commonly detected in ASC-EVs, including mRNAs and proteins, confirmed the enrichment of pathways involved in vascular growth and muscle regeneration/protection. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that ASC-EVs display pro-angiogenic and skeletal muscle protective properties that are associated with their NRG1/mRNA cargo. We, therefore, propose that ASC-EVs are a useful tool for therapeutic angiogenesis and muscle protection.

Determination of the anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of l-glutamine and l-alanine, or dipeptide, supplementation in rats submitted to resistance exercise

We evaluated the effects of chronic oral supplementation with l-glutamine and l-alanine in their free form or as the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine (DIP) on muscle damage, inflammation and cytoprotection, in rats submitted to progressive resistance exercise (RE). Wistar rats (n 8/group) were submitted to 8-week RE, which consisted of climbing a ladder with progressive loads. In the final 21 d before euthanasia, supplements were delivered in a 4 % solution in drinking water. Glutamine, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), TNF-α, specific IL (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels were evaluated in plasma. The concentrations of glutamine, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10, as well as NF-κB activation, were determined in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) skeletal muscle. HSP70 level was assayed in EDL and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). RE reduced glutamine concentration in plasma and EDL (P<0·05 v. sedentary group). However, l-glutamine supplements (l-alanine plus l-glutamine (GLN+ALA) and DIP groups) restored glutamine levels in plasma (by 40 and 58 %, respectively) and muscle (by 93 and 105 %, respectively). GLN+ALA and DIP groups also exhibited increased level of HSP70 in EDL and PBMC, consistent with the reduction of NF-κB p65 activation and cytokines in EDL. Muscle protection was also indicated by attenuation in plasma levels of CK, LDH, TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as an increase in IL-6, IL-10 and MCP-1. Our study demonstrates that chronic oral l-glutamine treatment (given with l-alanine or as dipeptide) following progressive RE induces cyprotective effects mediated by HSP70-associated responses to muscle damage and inflammation.