Contribuição ao estudo de insetos (Arthropoda: Insecta) associados ao gênero Ixora L. (Angiospermae: Rubiaceae) no Brasil

This study aimed to register insects (Arthropoda: Insecta) associated with genus Ixora L. (Angiospermae: Rubiaceae) and contribute the knowledge about this popular tropical ornamental plant in Brazil. For this study, we detected the presence of insects in solid or isolated plants of Ixora spp., and greenhouses, between the period 2004 and 2012. It was pointed out for the first time on I. chinensis Lam.: Syntermes dirus (Burmeister, 1839) (Isoptera: Termitidae), Aspidiotus destructor (Signoret, 1869) and Chrysomphalus aonidum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), Praelongorthezia praelonga (Douglas, 1891) (Hemiptera: Ortheziidae) and Camponotus sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studies registered for the first time on I. coccinea L.: Aleurothrixus aepim (Goeldi, 1886) and Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Eucalymnatus sp., Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861) and Saissetia olae (Olivier, 1791) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), and Camponotus sp. It was observed first on I. macrothyrsa Teijsm. & Binn.) N. E. Br.: Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell, 1895), Aleurotrachelus sp. (Aleyrodidae), Aphis (Toxoptera) citricida (Kirkaldy, 1907) and Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Sulzer, 1778) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Harmonia sp. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Camponotus sp. This paper contributes to the study of these important ornamental plants, presenting for the first time a list of associated insects. This work also creates conditions for future studies.

PERKEMBANGAN HIDUP DAN DAYA MEMANGSA CURINUS COERULEUS MULSANT PADA BEBERAPA KUTU TANAMAN

The biological development and feeding ability of Curinus coeruleus Mulsant on several phytophthires. The research was conducted to investigate the survival and feeding capability of Curinus coeruleus Mulsant on Heteropsylla cubana, Aleurocanthus spiniferus, Planococcus citri, and Aspidiotus destructor. The research was done in completely randomized design with eight replications. The result showed that C. coeruleus could not survive on A. spiniferus. The head width of C. coeruleus larvae did not differ significantly in A. destructor, P. citri, or H. cubana. The head width increase of C. coeruleus larvae feeding on A. destructor followed Dyar’s law with growth ratio of 1,4. Larval stadium of C. coeruleus, imago stadium, longevity, and the number of consumed preys were affected by phytophthires species. C. coeruleus could feed on more H. cubana than A. destructor, or P. citri.

Damage to coconut palms by Azteca sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and insecticidal control with bait, in Guyana

A general survey of coconut plantations in Guyana in 1976 indicated that in the total area of about 18 700 ha, 1000 of the 3000 ha of coconut palms on the east coast of Demerara were infested by Azteca sp. Detailed crop loss assessments on four plantations in 1970–72 indicate that the overall loss of crop to this pest in Guyana in 1976 was about 3·7 million coconuts, valued at G$372 000. Damage is partly due to mealybug, Nipaecoccus nipae (Mask.), and scale insect, Aspidiotus destructor Sign., colonies maintained by the ants and may also be partly attributed to interference with pollinating insects. Chemical control with aldrin and dieldrin sprays applied to tree trunks to create insecticide barriers and applied to whole trees with a power-sprayer and extension lance did not give adequate long-term control. Baits based on minced bovine intestine with 2% v/w ethyl alcohol were therefore assessed in field trials. Aldrin at 0·3–2·4% a.i., nonachlor at 0·3–2·0% and mirex at 0·05–0·6% were tested. Bait containing 0·1% mirex gave best results with complete kill of ants' nests 60 days after application at about 5 kg bait/ha. Mealybug and scale infestations were also eliminated by this treatment with subsequent reductions of leaf-yellowing and increases of leaf number 100 days after treatment. Up to September 1976, 0·15% mirex bait had been used to control Azteca sp. on 200 ha of coconut palms in Guyana.

A list of the Coccidae of Porto Rico

From time to time various entomological workers have published references to the Coccidae of Porto Rico, but the list of twentythree species collected on the island in 1899 by Mr. August Busck is, so far as known to the writer, the only attempt ever made to enumerate the Porto Pican scale-insects. This list appeared in 1900 in Bulletin No. 22, new series, of the Division of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture, the determinations having been made by Messrs. T. Pergande, T. D. A. Cocker ell, and 0. D. Marlatt, In connection with this list it is stated that only one coccid, Aspidiotus destructor, had been previously recorded from Porto Pico,. this being in a reference in the Canadian Entomologist for 1895, the material having been taken by Mr. J. D. Hall in the city of San Juan.