A latent profile analysis of Pacific health values

Introduction: Pacific health models that centre Pacific values, can serve as a tool to address Pacific disparities in healthcare. In this study, we broadly draw upon the health concepts of these models to determine how Pacific values are translate across Pacific health and wellbeing. Methods: Using data from the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study, we identified proxy indicators of common Pacific values. With these proxy indicators we developed a LP Latent Profile Analysis A to uncover subgroups of Pacific peoples based on their orientation towards each proxy indicator and their association with psychological distress. Findings: We identified four subgroups of Pacific peoples: (1) 65% of Pacific peoples identified strongly with Pacific values with low associated psychological distress (2) 18% of Pacific peoples identified moderately with Pacific values with medium associated psychological distress (3) 5% of Pacific peoples identified less with Pacific values with low associated psychological distress (4) 12% of Pacific peoples identified ambivalent with Pacific values with high associated psychological distress. Conclusions: These results suggest that Pacific values and the utility of Pacific health models are an appropriate way of framing health and wellbeing for a vast majority of our Pacific population. However, we also need to recognise the incredible diversity among our Pacific community and be understanding and accommodating of the diverse ways that Pacific peoples can express what they consider valuable.

Supporting successful learning outcomes for secondary Pacific students through home-school relationships

<p>A need to improve learning outcomes for Pacific students has been highlighted by the Ministry of Education in Aotearoa/New Zealand, with the reflection that the education system has not adequately catered for these learners. The development of home-school relationships is recognised by the Ministry as one way of promoting the achievement of Pacific students; closer links with Pacific families are encouraged so that students’ needs may be better met. The aim of this research was to explore how secondary schools could develop relationships with Pacific families and communities in order to support students’ successful learning outcomes. A qualitative case study, using a grounded theory approach, was employed. An Appreciative Inquiry framework helped guide the research design to facilitate the exploration of how home-school relationships worked well within the context of a New Zealand town, and how they can be enhanced to benefit secondary Pacific learners. A Communities of Practice lens supported analysis; and an appreciation of Pacific relationality was supported by the theoretical frameworks, Teu le va and Talanoa Research Methodology (TRM). Key findings demonstrate the willingness and expertise from members of the Pacific community to support schools’ endeavours to cater for Pacific learners, helping address any barriers to family engagement. Despite the strong commitment from teachers and school leaders to work more closely and creatively with Pacific families, this study concludes that knowledge and ideas do not always flow freely between home and school. An inherent risk is that schools hold onto decision-making processes although there is a capacity within the Pacific community to offer effective solutions. To alleviate this risk, school structures need to open up to permit a freer exchange of information, prioritising relationships that accord with Pacific values. The bricolage of frameworks employed in this study have the potential to be applied to school settings for the review and development of home-school practices for Pacific families.</p>

Supporting successful learning outcomes for secondary Pacific students through home-school relationships

<p>A need to improve learning outcomes for Pacific students has been highlighted by the Ministry of Education in Aotearoa/New Zealand, with the reflection that the education system has not adequately catered for these learners. The development of home-school relationships is recognised by the Ministry as one way of promoting the achievement of Pacific students; closer links with Pacific families are encouraged so that students’ needs may be better met. The aim of this research was to explore how secondary schools could develop relationships with Pacific families and communities in order to support students’ successful learning outcomes. A qualitative case study, using a grounded theory approach, was employed. An Appreciative Inquiry framework helped guide the research design to facilitate the exploration of how home-school relationships worked well within the context of a New Zealand town, and how they can be enhanced to benefit secondary Pacific learners. A Communities of Practice lens supported analysis; and an appreciation of Pacific relationality was supported by the theoretical frameworks, Teu le va and Talanoa Research Methodology (TRM). Key findings demonstrate the willingness and expertise from members of the Pacific community to support schools’ endeavours to cater for Pacific learners, helping address any barriers to family engagement. Despite the strong commitment from teachers and school leaders to work more closely and creatively with Pacific families, this study concludes that knowledge and ideas do not always flow freely between home and school. An inherent risk is that schools hold onto decision-making processes although there is a capacity within the Pacific community to offer effective solutions. To alleviate this risk, school structures need to open up to permit a freer exchange of information, prioritising relationships that accord with Pacific values. The bricolage of frameworks employed in this study have the potential to be applied to school settings for the review and development of home-school practices for Pacific families.</p>

Pacific Community Mental Health Nurses' Experiences of Working for a District Health Board in New Zealand

<p>As meeting the mental health needs of the Pacific people living in New Zealand has become a major focus for providers and District Health Boards since deinstitulisation, so is the significance of mental health care delivery for the Pacific minority. Pacific community mental health (PCMH) nursing as a means of healthcare delivery is a fairly new and unknown practice domain. The fact that no studies have been carried out to explore nursing in this field makes this an area that requires an understanding. This understanding will, in turn, enhance knowledge embedded in PCMH nursing and helps reduce practice constraints. This study explored the perspectives of Pacific nurses on what it is like for them to work in a PCMH service within a District Health Board. Five Pacific Island nurses who worked in the three Pacific Community Mental Health services based in the Auckland region participated in the project. The study employed narrative inquiry to gather data through focused storytelling method. The results of the study have indicated that PCMH nursing is a unique nursing field as well as highlight significant practice issues for nurses. Complex service infrastructure and language have been found to be the major contributing practice constraints. The findings suggest the need for District Health Board authorities, Pacific Mental Health service management, professional nursing education and development programs to consider addressing these practice issues to prevent further increase in the problem of PCMH nurses shortage and enhance recruitment and retention of these nurses.</p>

Pacific Community Mental Health Nurses' Experiences of Working for a District Health Board in New Zealand

<p>As meeting the mental health needs of the Pacific people living in New Zealand has become a major focus for providers and District Health Boards since deinstitulisation, so is the significance of mental health care delivery for the Pacific minority. Pacific community mental health (PCMH) nursing as a means of healthcare delivery is a fairly new and unknown practice domain. The fact that no studies have been carried out to explore nursing in this field makes this an area that requires an understanding. This understanding will, in turn, enhance knowledge embedded in PCMH nursing and helps reduce practice constraints. This study explored the perspectives of Pacific nurses on what it is like for them to work in a PCMH service within a District Health Board. Five Pacific Island nurses who worked in the three Pacific Community Mental Health services based in the Auckland region participated in the project. The study employed narrative inquiry to gather data through focused storytelling method. The results of the study have indicated that PCMH nursing is a unique nursing field as well as highlight significant practice issues for nurses. Complex service infrastructure and language have been found to be the major contributing practice constraints. The findings suggest the need for District Health Board authorities, Pacific Mental Health service management, professional nursing education and development programs to consider addressing these practice issues to prevent further increase in the problem of PCMH nurses shortage and enhance recruitment and retention of these nurses.</p>

Community first responders: A missing key to reducing the impact of injury and illness in low- and middle-income countries in the Western Pacific?

This perspective article discusses the potential role community first responders could play in reducing injury and illness in low- and middle-income countries in the Western Pacific. Community first responders are reportedly making a difference in low- and middle-income countries in Asia and Africa in reducing injury and illness, and in disease surveillance and reporting. Efforts must be made to explore the appropriate and effective introduction of locally tailored community first responder programs in the Western Pacific.

The Ebb and Flow of Study Abroad: A Comparative Analysis of PRC and International Students in Taiwan

The dialogue about study abroad is a contemporary trend. Since 2011, enrolments from the People’s Republic of China (PRC) have gradually increased and PRC students have now become one of the largest groups of incoming study abroad participants in Taiwan. In this study, investigators explored the characteristics of PRC students in comparison with other international students studying in Taiwan universities. Data were collected from 1870 study abroad students. Data collected include the various study abroad goals, prior study abroad experiences, the Short-term Study Abroad Situational Change Survey, the revised East Asian Acculturation Measures, the Study Abroad Acculturative Hassles, and their overall study abroad satisfaction. Data analyses included computation of the mean, frequency, cross-tabulation of respondents’ responses for identified questions, and various group comparisons. Implications suggest that the characteristics of PRC students are valuable and potentially transformative markers for sustainable cross-strait ties. Study abroad programs in Taiwan are noted as one piece of the emerging discourse for sustainable co-existence between Taiwan and the PRC. As such, PRC study abroad participants along with faculty and students in Taiwan universities have an opportunity to play a role in reshaping future exchanges as well as transforming themselves into stewards of a trans-Pacific community.

Did imports of sweetened beverages to Pacific Island countries increase between 2000 and 2015?

Background Nutrition-related chronic diseases are the major cause of illness and death in Pacific Island countries. Imports of sweetened beverages (SBs) are likely to be contributing but there is limited analysis of the quantities imported or the source countries of such beverages. The purpose of this study was to describe trends in the amount and types of SBs imported to Pacific Island countries and the impact of SB taxes on imports in Fiji and Tonga. Methods A repository of official international trade statistics was used to collect data on the volume, dollar value and source countries of SBs exported to Pacific Island countries from 2000 to 2015. Corresponding population data was sourced from the Secretariat of the Pacific Community for per capita analyses. We also explored which countries earned the most from exporting SBs to the Pacific. Descriptive and regression analyses were used to describe trends over time for each country and for the region as a whole. Results Imports of SBs to Pacific Island Countries from 2000 to 2015 increased by an average of 0.30 kg per person per year (p < 0.001). New Zealand and the USA were the largest income earners from SB exports to the Pacific over this period. The introduction of a tax did not impact the volume of SBs imported to Fiji. More data is needed to assess the impact of SBs tax on imports in Tonga. Conclusions Exports of SBs to Pacific Island countries are increasing. Both importing and exporting countries should consider the health implications of trade in these products.