Ingestion of Carbohydrate Solutions and Mouth Rinse on Mood and Perceptual Responses during Exercise in Triathletes

Triathlons are endurance events that include swimming, running, and cycling. Triathletes need to eat optimally during training and competitions to maximize their potential for success. The presence of carbohydrates in the mouth could activate regions in the brain to enhance athletic performance in exercise. Methods: This study examined the effects of glucose and mouthwash in ten male triathletes (age: 26.0 ± 8.7 years, height: 173.6 ± 10.4 cm, BMI 22.0 ± 1.7 kg/m2). The four oral test solutions included (A) Rinse with placebo, (B) Water + gel with placebo, (C) Rinse with 15% CH concentration, and (D) Water + gel with 15% CH concentration (25 g gel in 165 mL water). The Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE), Sensation Scale (FS), Felt Arousal Scale (FAS), Profile of Mood States (POMS), blood glucose, sprints, and dietary habits were assessed in each subject. All preceded ingestion of the oral-based test solution during workouts. Results: RPE showed no significant differences for subjective perceptions. The same was observed for FS and sprints. FAS scores increased over time (p = 0.039) in all groups. POMS score increased significantly in group D (p = 0.041). There was no effect of time on plasma glucose levels (p = 0.737). As for correlations, positive correlations were observed between sprint and FAS variables (p = 0.011). Conclusions: It appears that CH intake correlates positively with mood, but in all other variables, there are no differences depending on the product.

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN GRAMMAR COMPETENCY AND SPEAKING ABILITY OF THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS IN SMPN 1 PALU

This research was motivated by the problems experienced by some of the eighth grade students in SMPN 1 Palu. The students still had some difficulties when expressing their ideas or feelings by using English. They had various reasons for this. Most of them said that grammar is one of the causes of their difficulties in speaking English. This research was a correlational design, the technique of collecting data using test. There were two kinds of test such as written test and oral test as the research instrument. The written test was used to measure students’ grammar competency and oral test was used to measure students’ speaking ability. The researcher used Pearson Product Moment Correlation in analyzing the data by using SPSS program 26 version. Based on the results of the correlation analysis between the students’ grammar competency and the students speaking ability, the r value was obtained at 0.407 (r > 0.361) with p = 0.023 (p <0.05) indicating that there was a significant positive correlation between students’ grammar competency and students’ speaking ability. This supported the alternative hypothesis to be accepted and the null hypothesis to be rejected. It could be concluded that there was a correlation between grammar competency and speaking ability at the eighth grade students of SMPN 1 Palu in the academic year of 2020/2021.

Pengembangan Media Puzzle Mufrodat untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berbicara pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Arab Kelas 1

The purpose of this media development is to producemedia product puzzle afun mufrodatthat is used in learning Arabic for grade 1, especially in the material, .بيتي so that it can make active learning, increase Arabic vocabulary mastery, andimprove speaking skills in vocabulary pronunciation. This type of research is a research and development (Researchand Development/R & D), which refers to the ADDIE models, with specs include 5 stages of media development are: 1). Analysis, 2). Design, 3). Development, 4). Implementation, 5). Evaluation. The form of research used by researchers isdescriptive with quantitative and qualitative data analysis. The results of research and development ofmedia puzzle mufrodat indicate that media is puzzle mufrodatappropriate to be used as a medium for learning Arabic for grade 1 to improve speaking skills. This can be seen from the results of validation by several experts and field trials that reached very valid criteria. The results of the validation test of material experts reached a 95% feasibility level, linguists reached 92% and media experts reached 93.8%. The results of the studentresponse questionnaire reached 97.8%. Based on the results of the multiple choicetask, an average score of 85 was obtained, the matching task obtained an averagescore of 84.5 and the task in the form of an oral test mentioning mufrodat obtainedan average score of 96.

Analysis of the Effect of Speaking Skills on The Ability of Commenting Story Books with Talent as A Moderator Variable at Private Middle School in Medan

This study aims to find out the level of students' ability to comment on storybook by determining the intrinsic elements. The level of students' ability to comment on storybook researched based on the effect of speaking skill. The method used in this study is the experimental method with quantitative approach. The data obtained by using the description test through recorder and oral test. Based on the story that has been read by the teacher, 38 eighth grade students who are chosen as the respondents are asked to retell the story in front of the class. The assessment given to the respondents include clarity, speech fluency, pronunciation fluency, intonation, word choice accuracy, body flexibility, subject mastery, and completeness. The results of this study indicate that in the post-test, the speaking skill of students reach an average value of 65.58, or categorized fair. Meanwhile, in the post-test, the students reach an average value of 80.21, or categorized good. Therefore, it can be concluded from the results that there speaking skill has an effect on students’ ability to comment on storybook in class VIII of Private Middle School in Medan. Thus, this proves that the data obtained by students categorized good. Keywords: Speaking, Skills, Commengting, Book, Talent

Pelatihan peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi bahasa inggris melalui co-trainers online program

English Communication skills are needed by every graduate, especially vocational school graduates because the purpose of forming a vocational school is to create a young generation at the beginning of the workforce who is able to directly enter and be absorbed by the world of work. The purpose of this training is to improve the English communication skills of students of SMK Kesehatan Citra Nusantara Klaten through the online Co-Trainers program. The subjects in this training are students of SMK Kesehatan Citra Nusantara Klaten class XII who have been selected. There are 30 students who have been selected as training participants. The implementation of this training is carried out by providing training to improve English communication skills for prospective Co-Trainers, which is divided into several stages, namely introduction, implementation, and evaluation. The implementation material in this training is divided into three points, namely photographs, questions and responses, and sort conversations. The result of this training is English communication skills improvement measured by an oral test conducted with pre-test and post-test. The post-test results show that students are able to explain and describe photos/pictures well, use prepositions in sentences, respond to questions well, and are able to practice short conversations. Suggestions for SMK English teachers to focus on mastering English communication.

Information Gap Technique on Speaking Skill

Speaking is one of the most important skills to be developed in education curriculum in Indonesia. It indicates communicative purposes involving authentic oral interaction material because students do not study the language as a subject but also using it for social communication. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether or not there is significant effect of using Information Gap on students’ speaking skill. The population of this research were tenth grade students at SMK Negeri 4 Tanjungpinang and chose randomly by using cluster sampling. The sample of this research were 30 students of X RPL 3 as the experimental group and X MM 1 as the control group consisted 30 students. This research employed Information Gap in experimental group as the source of ideas to make the students communicate. While in the control group were taught using Rote Learning. The instrument used in the study was oral test. The data were analyzed quantitative using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The result showed, There is a significant effect of using Information Gap on students’ speaking skill, as tcount = 2.666 and sig = 0.010 < 0.05 and the mean score of post-test in experimental was higher (74.00) than control group (69.23). It can be concluded there is any effect of using Information Gap Technique on speaking skill at SMK Negeri 4 Tanjungpinang.

Disc Jockeys’ Profile and Oral Performances in the Selected English Vowel Sounds: An Attempt on Relatedness

Pronunciation is a key element of the learning of oral skills in a second language. The role it plays in an English language program varies and the amount of time and effort devoted to it seems to depend to a large degree on the linguistic models and environment (Willing, 1988). The study examined the accuracy in the production of the selected English vowel sounds among the pioneering Disc Jockeys of Cool FM, Marawi City, in the year 2004. Moreover, it attempted to find the relatedness in the respondents’ oral performances and in their educational status, length of work experience as a DJ, and exposure to the language outside being a DJ. Three selected faculty members from the English Department of CSSH were consulted to evaluate the oral performances of the respondents. Results showed that high educational status did not affect the respondents’ performances in vowel sound production. Respondents with short work experience as DJs could perform better on the oral test. Respondents who had exposures to the English language outside being a DJ performed better on the oral test. Furthermore, teachers and foreigners were cited as good linguistic models that were described as highly influential in the performances of the respondents.

Efektivitas Penggunaan Metode Counseling Learning Method (CLM) untuk Meningkatkan Kemahiran Berbicara

This study aims to determine the Implementation Methods Counseling Learning Method to improve speaking skills for second-grade students of MTs Al-Muhajirin Tapung and determine the factors that influence the adoption of the Counseling Learning Method. This study is a research experiment, experimental research is a research method that is used to search for a specific treatment effect against the other in uncontrolled conditions. By using experimental design Pretest – Posttest None Control Group Design. Ways of data collection are observation and an oral test. The results of the analysis of the data obtained on the Application Methods Counseling Learning Method in Learning Arabic to improve speaking skills for second-grade students of MTs Al-Muhajirin Tapung based on observations obtained 95.8% means "Very Good" on the level of 80-100%. And based on the results of the oral test of the analysis of the data obtained, it can be concluded that the adoption of Methods in Learning Arabic is effective to improve speaking skills for second-grade students of MTs Al-Muhajirin Tapung. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Penerapan Metode Counseling Learning Method (CLM) dalam Pembelajaran bahasa Arab efektif untuk meningkatkan kemahiran berbicara bagi siswa kelas VII MTs Al-Muhajirin Tapung dan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa yang mempengaruhi penerapan Metode tersebut. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian Eksperimen, penelitian eksperimen adalah metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk mencari pengaruh perlakuan tertentu terhadap yang lain dalam kondisi yang terkendalikan. Dengan menggunakan desain eksperimen Pretest–Posttest None Control Group Design. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan tes lisan. Adapun hasil dari analisis data yang diperoleh tentang Penerapan Metode Counseling Learning Method (CLM) dalam Pembelajaran bahasa Arab untuk meningkatkan kemahiran berbicara bagi siswa kelas VIII MTs Al-Muhajirin Tapung berdasarkan hasil observasi diperoleh 95.8% berarti “Baik Sekali” dari tingkatan 80-100%. Dan berdasarkan hasil tes lisan, analisis data yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa Penerapan Metode Counseling Learning Method (CLM) dalam Pembelajaran bahasa Arab efektif untuk meningkatkan kemahiran berbicara bagi siswa kelas VIII MTs Al-Muhajirin Tapung.