Determination of optimal conditions for processing oil bottom sediments using electrohydraulic effect

Currently, there is an interest in effective technologies that cause minimal environmental harm, have low financial costs and allow you to obtain products with high added value. One of the ways to increase the yield of light and medium fractions from oil bottom sediments is to use the electrohydraulic effect. The electrohydraulic phenomenon is a new industrial method of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy, which occurs without the influence of intermediate mechanical links, with high efficiency. Statistical processing of experimental data was carried out with the identification of the optimal mode of the electrohydraulic effect on the destruction of the oil bottom sediment. The influence of various factors is shown (duration of contact, distance between electrodes, amount of added catalyst, capacitance of capacitor and value of applied voltage). The use of the generalized equation made it possible to determine the following optimal conditions for the destruction of the oil bottom sediment using electrohydraulic treatment: duration 7 min, distance 8 mm, amount of added catalyst 1.5 %, capacitance 0.3 μF, applied voltage 14 kV. In terms of the significance of the coefficient (tr), it should be noted that the dominant factors are the distance between the electrodes and the amount of added catalyst. The individual chemical composition of the light and medium fractions of the original oil residue and the processed oil residue was determined. Comparison of the individual chemical composition of fractions up to 200 °С and 200–300 °С, obtained from the oil bottom sediment and from the hydrogenated product, allows to conclude that the electrohydraulic effect has an effective effect on the destruction of the organic mass of the oil bottom sediment. The optimal conditions for electrohydraulic treatment of the oil residue aere established and it is shown that it is possible to utilize the oil bottom sediments

Solid Fuel Based on Waste of Low-Utilized Combustible Energy Resources

The paper presents main trends in growth and generation of waste, depending on increase of world GDP and the population of the planet. The main directions in extending the concept of national strategies for sustainable development have been considered with due account of energy and resource conservation problems, as well as the need for the rational use of natural and secondary resources in all countries of the world community. The energy potential use of combustible waste that has not found technological application is considered by many countries as one of the priority areas in the field of unconventional energy. The paper describes the main directions in application of the technology for briquetting multicomponent compositions into solid fuel. The developed production technology makes it possible to process waste products by briquetting them with the addition of various binders, and on the example of a binder component in the form of viscous hydrocarbon-containing waste, the main technological features of obtaining solid multicomponent fuel are presented in the paper. The paper describes the equipment for electrohydraulic treatment, which operates as a part of the preparation line for briquetting of the applied oily waste and that allows to reduce the sulphur content in the waste used, and such approach in general permits to regulate the environmental characteristics of harmful substance emissions at the maximum acceptable level. Taking into account the application aspects of the technology for wet briquetting of materials, the paper reflects the main results of the obtained dependences of humidity on productivity according to the content of the binder component. The proposed algorithm for solving the problem makes it possible to rationally use of substandard combustible industrial waste to obtain a multicomponent solid fuel, while at the production stage, the energy and environmental aspects of the resulting fuel are taken into account with due consideration of the component composition of the fuel.

EFFECT OF ELECTROHYDRAULIC TREATMENT ON NITRATE NITROGEN CONTENT IN IRRIGATION WATER

The introduction of mineral fertilizers has a negative impact on the agrobiocenosis. An increase the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in irrigation water in order to use it as a nitrogen fertilizer that does not have a negative impact on the environment seems relevant. The change in the content of nitrate nitrogen was determined in irrigation water, which was used as the flowing water of the city water supply (Moscow); pond water (Moscow region); potassium nitrate solution with a concentration of 50.9 mg/l. Three types of irrigation water were processed using a high-voltage installation. The experimental electrohydraulic installation consisted of a TVI-50/70 transformer with a rectifier unit; DC electric energy storage systems (high-voltage pulse capacitors); arresters designed to generate pulsed spark discharges with a short rise time; controls that allow changing technological modes during experiments; working units. During the research, an ITAN pH meter/ionometer was used according to the RD 52.24.367-2010 method. The technological mode of operation of the electro-hydraulic unit provides for the following characteristics: operating voltage 42 kV; capacitance of capacitors 0.05 μF; number of spark discharges n = 1 ... 5 thousand pieces; forming the gap between the ball arresters FP = 14 mm; working gap between working high-voltage electrodes 10 mm. Electrohydraulic treatment of water increases the concentration of nitrate nitrogen compounds in the running water of city water supply by 3.7 times (from 2.9 to 10.9 mg/l), in pond water - by 7 times (from 1.2 to 8.4 mg/l), in a solution of potassium nitrate - 1.3 times (from 50.9 to 68.4 mg/l). In water treated electrohydraulically, the content of nitrate nitrogen increases, which expands the possibilities for its use when watering plants.

Researches of Technology Electrohydraulic Effect

The purpose of the chapter is to study the technology and technical means of electrohydraulic action on water. The authors justify the relevance of the research. The design of the original negative electrode tip is being developed to increase the density of the electromagnetic field and reduce power loss. The design parameters of the electrohydraulic installation are shown. Modeling of factors influencing the process of electrohydraulic treatment of water according to the Plackett-Berman plan and the random balance method is carried out; significant and insignificant factors are identified. The operation modes of the electrohydraulic installation are determined and optimized experimentally. The substantiation of the economic feasibility of using electrohydraulic water treatment technology in farms is being conducted. The prospects and scope of electrohydraulic technology are determined.