Erratum: “Material Strength: A Rational Nonequilibrium Energy Model for Complex Loadings”

Some errors in the derivation and printing process in the original paper were corrected. Although it was found that the errors have not created significant change in the main conclusions, the details were still given in this paper.

Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Colloidal Nano Silver for Applications in Nano Medicine

Colloidal Silver in European Union is food additive. The aim of the study is to show the common effects of colloidal nano silver and electromagnetic fields. The influence on colloidal nano silver with concentration of 30 ppm was studied using the method of Drossinakis in electromagnetic waves in the range of ν=20 -70 Hz. The research was performed with the methods for spectral analyses Nonequilibrium energy spectrum (NES) and Differential nonequilibrium energy spectrum (DNES). The study was performed with research of parameters of pH and oxidation reduction potential (ORP). The control sample is the sample with colloidal nano silver. The sample was taken after the influence with electromagnetic fields on the sample with colloidal nano silver. The effect of electromagnetic fields is connected with increasing of the effects of colloidal nano silver. There are proofs with differences between samples and control sample with parameters of NES, DNES, pH, ORP.

Material Strength: A Rational Nonequilibrium Energy Model for Complex Loadings

The failure of materials with some sort of loading is a well-known natural phenomenon, and the reliable prediction of the failure of materials is the most important issue for many different kinds of engineering materials based on safety considerations. Classical strength theories with complex loadings are based on some sort of postulations or assumptions, and they are intrinsically empirical criteria. Due to their simplicity, classical strength theories are still widely used in engineering, and they are very easy to incorporate into any finite element code. Recently, a new methodology was proposed by the author. Instead of establishing empirical models, the material failure process was modeled as a nonequilibrium process. Then, the strength criterion was established with the rational stability analysis for the failure process. In this study, the author tried to use this idea to develop a rational thermodynamic strength theory and to make the theory easy to use in engineering, similar to the classical strength criteria. It was found that the predictions of the rational energy strength theory were very reasonable compared to the experimental data even if no postulation was taken. Through the analysis, it seemed that the strength problem could be efficiently tackled using the rational nonequilibrium energy model instead of using some sort of empirical assumptions or models.

Random bursts determine dynamics of active filaments

Constituents of living or synthetic active matter have access to a local energy supply that serves to keep the system out of thermal equilibrium. The statistical properties of such fluctuating active systems differ from those of their equilibrium counterparts. Using the actin filament gliding assay as a model, we studied how nonthermal distributions emerge in active matter. We found that the basic mechanism involves the interplay between local and random injection of energy, acting as an analog of a thermal heat bath, and nonequilibrium energy dissipation processes associated with sudden jump-like changes in the system’s dynamic variables. We show here how such a mechanism leads to a nonthermal distribution of filament curvatures with a non-Gaussian shape. The experimental curvature statistics and filament relaxation dynamics are reproduced quantitatively by stochastic computer simulations and a simple kinetic model.