Anatomical Studies of the Foliar Epidermis and Petiole of some Lannea Species in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

Aims: Leaf epidermal morphology and petiole anatomy of seven Lannea species namely; Lannea velutina, Lannea kerstingii, Lannea egregia, Lannea schimperii, Lannea acida, Lannea microcarpa, and Lannea edulis in Nigeria were investigated to provide new taxonomic characters that could help in proper identification and delimitation of the taxa. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Jos, Nigeria between August 2020 and March 2021. Methodology: Transverse sections of petioles were cut using a rotary microtome and epidermal peels were made. Staining was done using Safranin and slides observed using a light microscope. Results: Stomatal distribution was hypostomatic except for L. velutina and L. edulis with amphistomatic distribution. Three stomata types are found; paracytic occurring in L. velutina, L. edulis and L. egregia, cyclocytic in L. schimperii and L. microcarpa and anomocytic in L. kerstingii and L. acida. Stomata index vary among taxa with L. egregia and L. acida having the highest (22.43%) and lowest (12.17%) respectively. The epidermal cell shape was polygonal in all the species and anticlinal wall patterns were straight to slightly curved. Unicellular/multicellular uniseriate trichomes were observed in L. schimperii, L. egregia and L. kerstingii distinguishing them from other species. Petiole outlines were circular to oval, epidermis was uniseriate and vascular bundles are collateral. Presence of continuous sclerenchyma rings surrounding the vascular bundles in L. kerstingii and L. microcarpa serve as a distinguishing character. Other distinguishing characters are presence of crystals, druses and phenolic idioblasts. A taxonomic key was produced using the anatomical character as an aid to the identification of the species. Conclusion: Variations observed in the stomata types, petiole outline, petiole vasculature type, trichome type and stomata index could be employed for species identification and delimitation.

Keragaman Sifat Kualitatif pada Sapi Silangan PO dan Belgian Blue Menggunakan Analisis Komponen Utama

The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of qualitative traits in PO, Belgian Blue and PO-Belgian Blue crosses using principal component analysis. The total samples of cattle used were 36 consisting of 8 heads Belgian Blue (4 males and 4 females), 17 heads Belgian PO-Belgian cross-breed (11 males and 6 females) and 11 PO heads (all females)). The diversity of qualitative traits observed were 17 characteristics namely plain body-color (WTP), combination body-color (WTK), horned (MT), humped (MP), sagging (MG), black tail tip color (WUEH), white tail tip color (WUEH), black eyelash color (WBMH), white eyelash color (WBMP), circle hair head (PRK), circle hair back (PRP), circle hair bracket (PRB), black nail color (WKH), nail color white (WKP), double muscle (PG), black muzzle (WMH) and white muzzle (WMP). Qualitative data were analyzed descriptively by calculating the proportion value, while the determinant variables of each breed were analyzed using the principal component analysis method (AKU) with the Minitab version 7 program. The results showed that the characteristics of qualitative traits in PO, Belgian Blue, and PO-Belgian Blue cross-breed cattle have a high diversity. PO and Belgian Blue cattle breeds can be clearly distinguished based on the characteristics of qualitative traits, whereas PO-Belgian Blue crossbred cattle have clusters that are close to PO cattle clusters. Found character traits for each cattle breed in both PO, Belgian Blue, and PO-Belgian Blue cross-breed. There are three characteristics of qualitative traits possessed in each cow nation, namely the variable circle hair head (PRK), circle hair back (PRP) and horned characters (MT). Based on the results obtained that the qualitative traits in cattle can be used as a distinguishing character between PO, Belgian Blue, and PO-Blue Belgian cross cattle breeds.

Convergent origin of the narrowly lanceolate leaf in the genus Aster—with special reference to an unexpected discovery of a new Aster species from East China

Narrowly lanceolate leaves occur frequently in the genus Aster. It was often employed as a distinguishing character in the taxonomy of this genus. The origin of this particular leaf shape, however, has never been investigated using comparative methods. In this study, we reconstructed a comprehensive phylogeny that includes most species of Aster with narrowly lanceolate leaf. We then gathered data on riparian habitats and the presence or absence of narrowly lanceolate leaves, and investigated the evolutionary association between them in a phylogenetic context. Our analysis indicated that the species with narrowly lanceolate leaves are nested in unrelated lineages of the genus Aster, implying that they originated independently several times. Using Pagel’s comparative method of discrete data, we demonstrated a significant correlation between riparian habitats and narrowly lanceolate leaves. We further inferred the sequence of transition of the two characters. This analysis indicated that the sequence of evolution of riparian habitat and narrowly lanceolate leaf form was usually uncertain, but some positive results showed that the occurrence of riparian habitats may not precede the evolution of narrowly lanceolate leaf form. This study provided new insights into the adaptive evolution in a mega-diverse family. In addition, Aster tonglingensis, an unexpected new species with narrowly lanceolate leaves, was discovered and established based on the evidence from morphology, micromorphology and molecular phylogeny.

Reorientasi Jurusan Manajemen Pendidikan Islam (MPI) Antara Tenaga Kependidikan dan Tenaga Pendidik

Abstrak: This article discusses the problems faced by the majority of students MPI FTIK IAIN Purwokerto. On the one hand, there is the desire of MPI students to become educators, and on the other hand according to the Department, they are oriented to become educational personnel. The study focused on curriculum content and policy of MPI Department of FTIK IAIN Purwokerto. With the method of unstructured in-depth interview, documentation, moderate participant observation and data analysis, it is found that the orientation of MPI Department is based on the vision, the mission stated in the profession to be achieved that is the main profession and the alternative profession. To support the orientation of the Department of MPI, the scientific core of MPI in the curriculum of the Department which becomes its distinguishing character is related to the science MPI contained in the MPI 001 to MPI 025 course code. The way of Department in socializing the orientation of the Department as well as construct the orientation of students to fit the orientation of the Department is through Introduction Academic Orientation activities, provision of Academic Guidebook, Maximization of Role of PA, Prodi, HMPS / HMJ, MPI Department profile viewing on IAIN Purwokerto website.ملخص: درس هذا المقال المشاكل التي يواجهها طلاب قسم إدارة التربية الإسلامية في كلية التربية والعلومالتعليمية بالجامعة الإسلامية الحكومية فورووكيرتو. ثمة إرادة من طلاب هذا القسم لأن يكونوا مدرّسين ،وفي جانب آخر أن يكونوا موظفّين تربويين. تُركزُ الدراسة في محتوى المنهج وقرارات كلية التربية والعلومالتعليمية في هذه الجامعة. تجمع البيانات عن طريق المقابلة غير التركيبية، والوثائق المكتوبة، والملاحظةبشبه المشاركة، وبعد التحليل حصل الباحث على نتائج البحث هي أن اتّاه قسم إدارة التربية الإسلاميةمناسب برؤيته ورسالته المتمثّلتان في المهنة التي حاول الطلاب الحصول عليها، هي المهنة الأساسية والمهنةالاختيارية. ولدعم اتجاه القسم، فإن فئة العلوم لهذا القسم في المنهج التميّزى هي العلوم المتعلقة بإدارة التربيةوالطريقة التى اتّذها . MPI 0025 – MPI الإسلامية وهي مكتوبة في رموز المواد الدراسية من 001القسم للتعريف بهذا الاتجاه وفي نفس الوقت تكوين اتجاه الطلاب ليكون اتجاههم مناسبا باتجاه القسم،هي عن طريق التعريف الأكاديميّ، توزيع كتاب الإرشاد الأكاديمي، تعزيز وتقوية دور المشرف الأكاديمي من قبل المحاضرين، والقسم، ومنظّمات الطلبة في القسم والكلية، والتعريف بقسم إدارة التربية الإسلاميةعن طريق الموقع للجامعة الإسلامية الحكومية فورووكيرتو في الانترنت.

Two new species of Acontias (Acontinae, Scincidae) from the Mpumalanga Highveld escarpment of South Africa

The African genus of fossorial legless lizards (Acontias Cuvier) currently comprises 26 species and subspecies. In a recent study on the two disjunct populations of Acontias breviceps Essex, the presence of cryptic species was discovered. Here, we increase the sampling size and describe these disjunct populations from the Mpumalanga Escarpment of South Africa as new species. The new species differ from congeners based on a combination of factors, including the number of midbody, ventral, and subcaudal scale counts, ventral pigmentation, allopatric distributions, and genetic divergences. The new species are genetically distant from nominal A. breviceps, with which it shares overall pigmentation and scalation. The new description adds to the growing number of Mpumalanga escarpment endemic reptiles, and highlights the area as a biodiversity hotspot. The use of vertebral counts as a distinguishing character between species is briefly discussed.

Anatomical and micromorphological properties of some Tanacetum L. (Asteraceae) taxa from Turkey and their systematic implications

In this study, the anatomy and trichome micromorphology ofTanacetum macrophyllum(Waldst.& Kit.) Schultz,T. parthenium(L.) Schultz,T. poteriifolium(Ledeb.) Grierson andT. vulgareL. were examined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Some anatomical characters such as presence of secretory cavities and pith in root and mesophyll type in leaf provide information of taxonomical significance. In addition, the existence of a parenchymatic layer, which consists of elongated parenchymatic cells in the stem ofT. macrophyllum,is a distinguishing character. The results obtained from scanning electron microscope studies showed that trichome micromorphology varies among examined taxa. InT. macrophyllum, the eglandular and glandular trichomes especially on disc florets, ligulate florets and cypselas are more sparse, whereas disc florets and cypselas of the other taxa are covered with abundant glandular trichomes. Additionally,T. poteriifoliumandT. partheniumhas a distinct distribution of glandular trichomes forming in a row across the entire cypsela surface.

Revisión del género Helminthotheca Vaill. (Cichorieae, Compositae). Revision of the genus Helminthotheca Vaill. (Cichorieae, Compositae).

Español. Se presenta la revisión taxonómica del género Helminthotheca Vaill., basada en el estudio morfológico de material en toda su área de distribución. El género, que se incluye en la subtribu Hypochaeridinae de la tribu Cichorieae, tiene una distribución centrada principalmente en el oeste de la Región Mediterránea, y se diferencia del resto de los géneros de la subtribu por la presencia de acúleos ± espinosos y setas gloquidiadas en los tallos, hojas y a veces en las brácteas del involucro, pero sobre todo por la presencia de 5 hojas involucrantes que rodean al verdadero involucro del capítulo. Sobre la base del ciclo de vida, la morfología de las hojas involucrantes y los tipos de frutos, las distintas especies del género se reagrupan en tres secciones: Helminthotheca, Vigineixia y Eliptica. Las secciones Helminthotheca y Vigineixia, ambas monotípicas, comprenden especies anuales, con hojas involucrantes cordiformes y los frutos del capítulo dimorfos. La sección Eliptica, con 5 especies reconocidas, se diferencia de las otras secciones por incluir especies perennes, con hojas involucrantes ovadas o elípticas y frutos del capítulo homomorfos. En este trabajo se efectúa una combinación nueva, Helminthotheca sect. Vigineixia (Pomel) Talavera, y se da un nombre nuevo a Picris subgen. Deckera sensu Battandier: Helminthotheca sect. Eliptica Talavera & Tremetsberger. La sección Eliptica es la más compleja debido, sobre todo, a la hibridación interespecífica cuando las especies conviven, habiéndose detectado zonas híbridas en el N del Guadalquivir al W de Sierra Morena (S de España), en el extremo más occidental de las montañas del Rif, cerca de la Península Tingitana, en el E del Rif (NW of Marruecos), en las montañas del Atlas argelino y en las colinas arcillosas de Beni-Zenthis (Orán, Argelia).English. Based on a morphological study, we present the revision of the genus Helminthotheca Vaill., a small member of the subtribe Hypochaeridinae of the tribe Cichorieae, which is mainly distributed in the western part of the Mediterranean region. Helminthotheca is differentiated from the remaining genera of the subtribe by the presence of ± spiny prickles and glochid-like bristles in stems, leaves and, sometimes, involucral bracts. The main distinguishing character, however, is the presence of 5 outer involucral leaves, which surround the proper involucre of the head. Based on the life cycle, the morphology of the outer involucral leaves and the fruit types found in the head, species of Helminthotheca are rearranged in three sections: Helminthotheca, Vigineixia and Eliptica. The sections Helminthotheca and Vigineixia, both monotypic, are annuals with cordate outer involucral leaves and dimorphic fruits in the head. The section Eliptica, with five recognized species, is differentiated from the other sections by its perennial habit, ovate or elliptic outer involucral leaves and homomorphic fruits in the head. Here, we make a new combination, Helminthotheca sect. Vigineixia (Pomel) Talavera, and give a new name to Picris subgen. Deckera sensu Battandier, Helminthotheca sect. Eliptica Talavera & Tremetsberger. The section Eliptica is the most complex section, due mainly to interspecific hybridization between all species, when they co-occur, with hybrid zones having been detected in the N of the Guadalquivir River in the W of the Sierra Morena (S Spain), in the westernmost part of the Rif Mountains, near the Tangier Peninsula, in the E Rif and Middle Atlas (NW Morocco), in the Algerian Atlas Mountains and in the argillaceous hills of Beni-Zenthis (Oran, Algeria).

Ownership-driven Entrepreneurial Saga: A Case Study of Vinod Super Shop

Vinod Ramanlal Didwaniya, son of a marginal farmer, had the only worries of sustenance of his family members after he was a postgraduate in commerce from a local college. He started a small retail shop named Vinod Provisions in July 1993 in a rented space of 7 × 11 sq. ft area with a meagre working capital of ₹17,800 only. It was run by his family members including his father and wife with a daily turnover of ₹1,000 approximately (annual turnover of ₹0.30 million). Vinod reared a distinguishing character of sense of ownership and drew immense pleasure out of everything, every decision that he owned. This drove his small family business to rise to Vinod Super Shop in about 20 years’ time which is run today in 3,000 sq. ft area with a working capital investment of ₹7 million besides ₹15 million invested on creating owned infrastructure for this supermarket. Its annual turnover has grown from ₹0.30 million to ₹15 million (50 times growth), and it has 18 employees today. By heart a poet, Vinod feels within him every stakeholder of his business in whose interest he has been taking decisions involving management fundamentals and ethical issues. The present case study attempts to capture this unique entrepreneurial saga amidst highly competitive retail sector that leaves a number of lessons to learn.

Revisión del género Helminthotheca Vaill. (Cichorieae, Compositae). Revision of the genus Helminthotheca Vaill. (Cichorieae, Compositae).

Español. Se presenta la revisión taxonómica del género Helminthotheca Vaill., basada en el estudio morfológico de material en toda su área de distribución. El género, que se incluye en la subtribu Hypochaeridinae de la tribu Cichorieae, tiene una distribución centrada principalmente en el oeste de la Región Mediterránea, y se diferencia del resto de los géneros de la subtribu por la presencia de acúleos ± espinosos y setas gloquidiadas en los tallos, hojas y a veces en las brácteas del involucro, pero sobre todo por la presencia de 5 hojas involucrantes que rodean al verdadero involucro del capítulo. Sobre la base del ciclo de vida, la morfología de las hojas involucrantes y los tipos de frutos, las distintas especies del género se reagrupan en tres secciones: Helminthotheca, Vigineixia y Eliptica. Las secciones Helminthotheca y Vigineixia, ambas monotípicas, comprenden especies anuales, con hojas involucrantes cordiformes y los frutos del capítulo dimorfos. La sección Eliptica, con 5 especies reconocidas, se diferencia de las otras secciones por incluir especies perennes, con hojas involucrantes ovadas o elípticas y frutos del capítulo homomorfos. En este trabajo se efectúa una combinación nueva, Helminthotheca sect. Vigineixia (Pomel) Talavera, y se da un nombre nuevo a Picris subgen. Deckera sensu Battandier: Helminthotheca sect. Eliptica Talavera & Tremetsberger. La sección Eliptica es la más compleja debido, sobre todo, a la hibridación interespecífica cuando las especies conviven, habiéndose detectado zonas híbridas en el N del Guadalquivir al W de Sierra Morena (S de España), en el extremo más occidental de las montañas del Rif, cerca de la Península Tingitana, en el E del Rif (NW of Marruecos), en las montañas del Atlas argelino y en las colinas arcillosas de Beni-Zenthis (Orán, Argelia).English. Based on a morphological study, we present the revision of the genus Helminthotheca Vaill., a small member of the subtribe Hypochaeridinae of the tribe Cichorieae, which is mainly distributed in the western part of the Mediterranean region. Helminthotheca is differentiated from the remaining genera of the subtribe by the presence of ± spiny prickles and glochid-like bristles in stems, leaves and, sometimes, involucral bracts. The main distinguishing character, however, is the presence of 5 outer involucral leaves, which surround the proper involucre of the head. Based on the life cycle, the morphology of the outer involucral leaves and the fruit types found in the head, species of Helminthotheca are rearranged in three sections: Helminthotheca, Vigineixia and Eliptica. The sections Helminthotheca and Vigineixia, both monotypic, are annuals with cordate outer involucral leaves and dimorphic fruits in the head. The section Eliptica, with five recognized species, is differentiated from the other sections by its perennial habit, ovate or elliptic outer involucral leaves and homomorphic fruits in the head. Here, we make a new combination, Helminthotheca sect. Vigineixia (Pomel) Talavera, and give a new name to Picris subgen. Deckera sensu Battandier, Helminthotheca sect. Eliptica Talavera & Tremetsberger. The section Eliptica is the most complex section, due mainly to interspecific hybridization between all species, when they co-occur, with hybrid zones having been detected in the N of the Guadalquivir River in the W of the Sierra Morena (S Spain), in the westernmost part of the Rif Mountains, near the Tangier Peninsula, in the E Rif and Middle Atlas (NW Morocco), in the Algerian Atlas Mountains and in the argillaceous hills of Beni-Zenthis (Oran, Algeria).

“ISLAM AGAMA SEMUA NABI” DALAM PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR’AN

This article examines the religions held by the messengers of Allah, as it represented in the Qur’an. It explains that the religion brought by the messengers of Allah is Islam. Islam, in the sense of the non-Muhammadan religion, can be seen as the attribute or the adjective entity, whereas Islam in the religious sense which brought by the prophet Muhammad, refers to both the attribute and the name. The distinguishing character between between pre-“Islamic” Muhammad and Islam brought by the last prophet lies in the difference of the “syari’ah”. However, the goal remains the same; to perform the commands of one God, which is the “tauhid”. Therefore, the Qur’an doesn’t conform the notion that the apostles were Jewish or Christian, but they are the messengers of God who brought “Islam”.