SHIFTED LEGENDRE FRACTIONAL PSEUDOSPECTRAL DIFFERENTIATION MATRICES FOR SOLVING FRACTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL PROBLEMS

A new differentiation technique, fractional pseudospectral shifted Legendre differentiation matrices (FSL D-matrices), was introduced. It depends on shifted Legendre polynomials (SLPs) as a base function. We take into consideration its extreme points and inner product. The technique was used to solve fractional ordinary differential equations (FODEs). Moreover, it extended to approximate fractional integro-differential equations (FIDEs) and fractional optimal control problems (FOCPs). The novel FSL D-matrices transformed these fractional differential problems (FDPs) into an algebraic system of equations. Also, an error and a convergence analysis for that technique were investigated. Finally, the correctness and efficiency of this technique were examined with test functions and several examples. All the results were compared with the results of other methods to ensure the investigated error analysis.

Method of obtaining of nonneuronal cultures of astrocytes, derivated from human mesenchymal stem cells

Objective. Elaboration of method for obtaining of nonneuronal cultures of astrocytes, derivatives from human mesenchymal stem cells of various origin. Materials and methods. Mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from human peripheral and umbilical blood in accordance to standard procedure, using the immune-magnet separation method and distributed into three groups, depending on primary material of origin and the cellular differentiation technique applied: the cells, which were obtained from the umbilical blood and if our modified technique of differentiation (CBMSC) used, and the cells, which were obtained from peripheral blood and the differentiation technique used was standard (PBMSC-1) and modified (PBMSC-2) protocols. As primary antibodies standard sets β- III-Tubulin (Sigma, USA), GFAP, Nestin (Abcam) served, while as secondary antibodies - іmmunoglobulins G, conjugated by activators CNTF, BMP2/4 and FGF1 (Sigma, USA) in accordance to instruction. For visualization of the results obtained microscope EVOS FL LIFE TECHNOLOGIES was used with obtaining of view under ×40 objective. Results. From majority of cells from the PBMSC-1 group the answer was not obtained, while from approximately 80% of all stimulated cells of the PBMSC-2 group the answer was obtained, and the both lines content consisted of 20 - 30% of GFAP-positive cells. This makes background to consider, that expression of GFAP only is insufficient to identify the mature and functional astrocytes. Conclusion. Astrocytes from group PBMSC-1 have had answered very rarely on ATP-stimulation, while astrocytes from groups CBMSC and PBMSC-2 demonstrated characteristic answer. Thus, there was demonstrated, that morphologically close astrocytic lines and single cells owes different functional profile.

Potential of Photobiomodulation to Induce Differentiation of AdiposeDerived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Neural Cells

Background: Given the minimal capacity and sometimes the failure of the mammalian nervous system to regenerate and repair itself after damage, strategies are required to help enhance this regenerative process. Adiposederived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are likely candidates to assist in the recovery process due to their ability to differentiate into neural cells. Successful implementation of this intervention in a clinical setting would increase the rate of recovery following traumatic brain injury. : Review Various strategies have been attempted to differentiate ADMSCs into neural cells for clinical use. Such methods have not been entirely successful in the development of functioning specialized cells for subsequent practical use. Therefore, the implementations of this differentiation technique in clinical trial have not been effective. In this article, the potential of differentiating ADMSCs into neural cells and the various methods employed including biological induction, chemical induction and photobiomodulation (PBM) will be discussed, where the combination of using transducers and PBM for neural differentiation of ADMSCs was also deliberated. Conclusion: PBM shows promise as an avenue for effective ADMSCs differentiation into neural cells and their proliferation. Applying PBM with optimized biological factors and chemical inducers may prove to be an effective tool for clinical application.

AutoSEIR: Accurate Forecasting from Real-time Epidemic Data Using Machine Learning

Since the SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak has been recognized as a pandemic on March 11, 2020, several models have been proposed to forecast its evolution following the governments' interventions. In particular, the need for fine-grained predictions, based on real-time and fluctuating data, has highlighted the limitations of traditional SEIR models and parameter fitting, encouraging the study of new models for greater accuracy. In this paper we propose a novel approach to epidemiological parameter fitting and epidemic forecasting, based on an extended version of the SEIR compartmental model and on an auto-differentiation technique for partially observable ODEs (Ordinary Differential Equations). The results on publicly available data show that the proposed model is able to fit the daily cases curve with greater accuracy, obtaining also a lower forecast error. Furthermore, the forecast accuracy allows to predict the peak with an error margin of less than one week, up to 50 days before the peak happens.

APPLICATION OF FAST AUTOMATIC DIFFERENTIATION TO SOLVING THE INVERSE COEFICIENT PROBLEMS

The inverse problem under consideration is to determine a temperature-dependent thermal conductivity coefficient from experimental observations of the temperature field in the studied substance and (or) the heat flux on the surface of the object. The study is based on the Dirichlet boundary value problem for the nonstationary heat equation stated in the general n -dimensional formulation. For the numerical solution of the problem an algorithm based on the modern fast automatic differentiation technique is proposed.

TINDAK TUTUR ASERTIF DALAM GELAR WICARA MATA NAJWA DI METRO TV

<p><em>This study aims to look at the assertive speech acts contained in the Najwa Eye speech title in Metro TV. The data were collected using the Simak method. At this stage, data is obtained by listening to language usage. The taping begins with the basic technique of Sadap Technique and Record Technique, ie tapping the use of one's language followed by the Technique of Free Libat Cakap. The collected data is then analyzed using the method of padan. The techniques used in this method are divided into basic techniques and advanced techniques. The basic technique used is the Determinant Element Technique, with advanced techniques of Equalization Approach Technique, and Differentiation Technique. After going through the process of data analysis, the study continued with the presentation of the results of the analysis. At this stage, the analysis results are presented using Informal Presentation Method. The results of this study found subtindak said stating, complaining, claiming, and suggesting. An assertive speech acting substance that is not used is boasting.</em></p><p> </p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat tindak tutur asertif yg terdapat di dalam gelar wicara Mata Najwa di Metro TV. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Simak. Pada tahap ini, data diperoleh dengan menyimak penggunaan bahasa. Penyimakan diawali dengan teknik dasar Teknik Sadap dan Teknik Rekam, yakni menyadap penggunaan bahasa seseorang yang dilanjutkan dengan Teknik Simak Bebas Libat Cakap. Data yang sudah terkumpul selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan metode padan. Teknik yang dipakai dalam metode padan ini terbagi ke dalam teknik dasar dan teknik lanjutan. Teknik dasar yang dipakai adalah teknik Pilah Unsur Penentu, dengan teknik lanjutan Teknik Hubung Banding Menyamakan, dan Teknik Hubung Membedakan. Setelah melalui proses analisis data, penelitian dilanjutkan dengan penyajian hasil analisis. Pada tahap ini, hasil analisis disajikan menggunakan Metode Penyajian Informal. Adapun hasil penelitian ini ditemukan subtindak tutur menyatakan (stating), mengeluh (complaining), mengklaim (claiming), dan menyarankan (suggesting). Subtindak tutur asertif yang tidak dipergunakan adalah membual (boasting).</p>