India’s Porous State

This chapter presents evidence and a theory to understand the current topography of the business-politics relationship in India. Such a theory helps us understand a dual movement: the emergence of a new developmental state as well as the movement of business inside democratic institutions even as India’s political actors engage in numerous business activities. The state has become more porous as business has moved into diverse institutions. Both corrupt and legitimate development activities take place in the shadow of this porous state. The chapter maps the presence of business actors within legislative bodies, parties, independent agencies, and other public agencies to document this trend. Joint-decision arenas such as public private partnerships are key to this business-state compact. Brokers and agents such as key personalities and business associations mediate and move between blurred boundaries of state and regulatory institutions. Politicians have become businessmen and create both laws and invest in business enterprises.

Study on Combustion Behavior of TC4 and Ti40 Alloys

OM, XRD, SEM, EDS were used to test. and analyze the combustion products of TC4 and Ti40 alloys by layer-by-layer from reaction frontier to matrix The result shows that: titanium alloy can be divided into 4 sections, combustion surface (CS), molten zone (MZ), transitional zone (TZ) and influence zone (IZ). The CS is mainly consist of TiO2, and with oxide of V. Cr2O3 and SiO2 are detected on CS of Ti40. MZ of TC4 is in loose and porous state. There are lots of cracks and holes in the TZ and IZ; MZ of Ti40 is compact, between MZ and IZ there is a TZ which is rich of V and Cr, it can stop oxygen diffusing effectively. From the MZ to matrix, oxygen content reduces gradually, and oxide of Ti with different valence state is detected. Because of effect of oxygen, the hardness of the two alloy increase after combustion, increment of Ti40 is much greater than that of TC4.

Efecto de las prácticas agronómicas en las propiedades del suelo en laderas.

Trials were established in a highly eroded Ultisol soil of sandy loam texture, of poor fertility, acid, and low in phosphorus and organic matter, located in the locality of La Leña in Pinar del Río province, Republic of Cuba. A study was carried ont in 1996 in two watersheds, in which were implemented conservation practices consisting of live barriers of Gliricidia Sepium L. (in the first watershed) and Vetiveria Ziznoide L. (in the second watershed) complemented with ground cover of maize associated with legumes followed by beans in succession. Results showed slight changes in slope between barriers with respect to the initial value (10% vs 9%). Values of total dry biomass in the associations were 17 and 15 t/ha, and ground coverage at 30 days was more than 70%. Profuse root colonization presented by the associations indicated an improvement in porosity of the soil, reflecting a positive tendency in the internal structure that has evolved to a porous state. Yields of maize were 2900 and 2000 kg/ha, and of bean were 1800 and 1630 kg/ha, which are relatively high values, considering the degraded condition of the soil.

The Sintering Mechanism of Aluminium and the Anodization of Aluminium Sintered Bodies

It has been said that aluminium is hard to sinter. This is because a hard aluminium oxide film forms naturally on exposed aluminium in air, and in the case of heat-treatment for sintering, another type of hard aluminium oxide file also forms. Thus aluminium is hard to sinter at about 600℃. The uthor has succeeded in manufacturing aluminium sintered bodies, by using a vacuum, an inactive gas or a reducible gas atmosphere for the sintering environment.The possibility of producing a satisfactory dielectric on the aluminium sintered body was also investigated. An aluminium sintered body has physical properties different from aluminium foil or plate, because it is always in the porous state.In this paper, the author presents the experimental results on aluminium sintered bodies manufactured under various conditions and the results of anodization of the sintered bodies.