Anti-Atherosclerosis and Anti-Hypertensive Effects of Flavonoid Isorhamnetin Isolated from the Bark of Cordia dichotoma L

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the anti-atherosclerotic and anti-hypertensive ability of isolated Isorhamnetin from the bark of Cordia dichotoma L. Study design: Experimental study Place and Duration of Study: The extraction and isolation of bark of Cordia dichotoma L bark (ACDL) was done at Biosapience lab, Bhopal, India. Anti-atherosclerotic activity was done at IFTM University, Moradabad, India. Anti-hypertensive activity was done at BilwalMedchem and Research Laboratory, Pvt. Ltd, Jaipur, India. All the studies was conducted from 2015 to 2021 depending upon the availability of resources. Methodology: Column chromatography was done for Ethyl acetate soluble fraction of successive alcoholic extract of Cordia dichotoma L bark (ACDL), followed by successive fractionation using benzene, n-butanol, and acetone. Eluents with similar Rf values were pooled and underwent flavonoid test. Only a single eluents that passed the test was underwent purification. The crystallized powder obtained underwent UV, FTIR, Mass, 1H NMR and 13C NMR analysis for structural identification. The evaluation of anti-atherosclerotic activity of isolated Isorhamnetin from bark extract of plant C. dichotoma L was done in high fat induced atherosclerosis rats. The seven groups of Wistar rats were taken and each group containing six rats. To evaluate the anti-hypertensive activity of the plant extract, L-NAME induced hypertension model was used. Results: The structural identification and confirmation of flavonoid Isorhamnetin was analyzed by characterizations of isolated product. Lipid, lipoprotein profile and body weight were determined in high fat diet induced atherosclerosis rats. Isorhamnetin isolated from bark of C. dichotoma L produced a significant and dose-dependent anti-atherosclerotic activity in terms of reduction in low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), Total cholesterol (TC), and Triglyceride (TG) level; and elevation of high density lipoprotein (HDL). Isorhamnetin isolated from the bark of plant C. dichotoma L reduced the elevated arterial pressure of L-NAME induced hypertensive rat significantly to the level of normotensive animal group. The isolated Isorhamnetin have shown its potential as an efficient source for the treatment of hypertension. Conclusion: The present study has identified the isolation and characterization of isorhamnetin flavonoid from bark of plant C. dichotoma L. This study also provides evidences of anti-atherosclerotic and antihypertensive effects of C. dichotoma L.

Anti-Hypertensive Activity of Hydro Alcoholic Extract of Cìraka Cūraṇam on High Salt Loaded Wistar Albino Rats

Background: Hypertension is called as Silent killer. The most important risk factor for heart diseases and stroke and it may leads to premature death. Several medicinal plants have high effective in anti-hypertensive and anti-thrombotic activity without any side effects. Aim: To evaluate the anti-hypertensive activity of hydro alcoholic extract of Cìraka cūraṇam on deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt induced wistar albino rats. Study design: Observational in-vivo study Place and duration of study: Animal house, Dept. of Pharmacology, Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Krishnankoil, Srivilliputtur,Tamilnadu. Materials and methods: Antihypertensive activity was conducted on wistar albino rats by determining serum Sodium and Potassium levels by using semi auto analyzer (RA-50, Bayer Diagnostics), using specific kits (Auto span, India) at 500 and 550 nm respectively and left carotid artery (for recording BP) was cannulated under aseptic conditions with polyethylene cannula filled with 1% heparin in normal saline. Rest procedure, which was stated under the 2K1C-model was followed and BP was observed in terms of mm of Hg. Results: The Cìraka cūraṇam possesses strong antihypertensive effect against DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, which is evidenced by a considerable decrease in blood pressures. Keywords: Anti-hypertensive activity, Cìraka cūraṇam, Wistar albino rats, Deoxycorticosterone acetate.

AGATHIYAR KUZHAMBU (HERBO-MINERAL SIDDHA FORMULATION)

Introduction: Agathiyar kuzhambu (A.k) is a herbo-mineral siddha formulation. It is explained in the Siddha Vaith- iya Thiraddu Book. In Siddha Medicine, there are 32 internal & external medicines are explained in the Siddha Literatures. Agathiyar kuzhambu is a one form of the internal medicine which is commonly used in purgation ther- apy. It contains 11 ingredients. Agathiyar kuzhambu has different herbo- mineral ingredients which are having wide range of therapeutic uses. It is commonly used in Siddha OPDs. Aim: The researcher is going to develop the documentary evidence for the effectiveness of Agathiyar kuzhambu. Results and Discussion: Six ingredients herbs have hot potency and Pungent efficacy. These have many pharmacological actions. Commonly, these ingredients are possessed antioxidant, anti-microbial, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anthelmintic, anti-dia- betic and anti -hypertensive activity. In Siddha, these ingredients and 5 minerals and metals ingredients were used in many disease conditions. Lots of adjuvants of Agathiyar kuzhambu have hot potency and pungent efficacy. Some of adjuvants have cool potency and sweet efficacy. In Siddha, these adjuvants were used in many disease conditions. Conclusion: According to the above study, Agathiyar kuzhambu may be act as stimulant and osmotic purgative at the same time it can use as a treatment aspect of many diseases. This study gives documentary evidence of Agathiyar kuzhambu as a purgative & possess many pharmacological activities in Siddha medicine. Keywords: Agathiyar kuzhambu, Siddha Medicine, Purgative, Croton tiglium