Sevoflurane Promotes Neurodegeneration Through Inflammasome Formation in APP/PS1 Mice

Sevoflurane (SEVO) is a highly fluorinated methyl isopropyl ether used as an inhalational anesthetic for general anesthesia. Previous studies have shown that SEVO may induce impaired memory and recognition ability and may be associated with neurodegenerative disease, e.g., Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we used a mouse AD model, APP/PS1, to study the effects of SEVO on neurodegeneration occurring in AD. We found that SEVO exposure significantly impaired the spatial reference memory, sensorimotor, and cognitive function of the mice. Mechanistically, we found that SEVO induced formation of NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and its downstream caspase 1-mediated production of IL-1β and IL-18, which subsequently deactivated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to promote neurodegeneration. Together, these data suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome is essential for SEVO-induced AD.

DETERMINATION OF SELECTIVITY AND MASS TRANSFER IN LIQUID-PHASE EXTRACTION FOR BUTYL GLYCOL-WATER-ISOPROPYL ETHER SYSTEM

The problems of phase equilibrium, the equilibrium distribution of a component between phases are considered, and the distribution coefficient is determined in two versions. A formula for determining the selectivity coefficient is obtained, equations relating the compositions of coexisting phases, by equating the activities in these phases, Margules constants are found. Based on the given content of the components, the numerical values of (Margules constant for A component in solvent S) and (Margules constant for S component in solvent A) were found Using the Margules equation for ternary systems, the activity coefficients of components A and B are determined in two phases. The experimentally obtained values of the molar fractions of each of the three components, responsible to different points of the binodal curve, the corresponding activity coefficients of component B, and also calculated on these coefficients of the activity values