Use of statistical tools in accounting inventories of the enterprise

The paper is devoted to the search for tools for optimizing approaches to the analysis of inventories of the enterprise. Efficient use of stocks is a prerequisite for profitable operation of the enterprise, and their provision is a condition for the implementation of works and services. The study of approaches to the analysis and evaluation of inventories of the enterprise makes it possible to identify certain shortcomings and strengths of each approach in order to further combine them. The basis for the study was the search for ways to improve approaches to the analysis of inventories of the enterprise taking into account the dynamically changing environment. The main purpose of the paper is to improve approaches to accounting and analysis of stocks of enterprises through the use of statistical tools. The methodological and informational basis of the work is scientific works, materials of periodicals, Internet resources and regulations. The study used methods of structural and dynamic analysis, comparison and generalization of data from literature sources. The paper reveals that to assess the company's inventory it is necessary to analyze their composition and structure, take into account that they must be optimal, compare the actual ratio of fixed and current assets with their optimal value. That is, it is important to calculate the company's need for stocks, as well as the intensity of use of production stocks, which will achieve a high level of production and prevent its decline. As part of the study, it is proposed to use operational analysis of stocks using statistical tools that will allow to have information about the current state of stocks and determine their forecast value in future periods. The analysis of volumes and structure of stocks is carried out by means of calculation of absolute and relative sizes. To identify trends in the structure of stocks, it is advisable to use the analytical equation of linear regression noted the need and importance of internal control of stocks and possible ways to improve the efficiency of production stocks at the enterprise.

Character of inheritance of economic markings in flax

In the first and second generation of hybrids revealed different character of inheritance of basic qualitative and quantitative traits – dominance, heterosis, over-domination and intermediate inheritance, which allows to assume high efficiency of individual selections in the following generations, with the selection of transgressive forms. The actual ratio of distribution groups in F2 hybrids and the genetic control of these traits in parental forms by weight of 1000 seeds were determined. The source material and the perspective hybrid combinations in the breeding nursery were studied and the perspective numbers were distinguished according to the complex of features.

Axial and Radial Material Flow Analysis in Infeed Rotary Swaging of Tubes

In rotary swaging – an incremental cold forming production technique to reduce the diameter of axisymmetric parts – the material flow can be assumed to be predominantly axial and radial. The actual ratio of this axial and radial flow influences the mechanical properties and especially in tube forming the final geometry. It is known that during mandrel free infeed rotary swaging of tubes the wall thickness changes. The change is depending on the process parameters like incremental and cumulated strain. Hence, the ratio of axial and radial material flow changes. Consequently, the analysis of the wall thickness of rotary swaged tubes enables fundamental insight how to control the material flow direction. In this study, the infeed rotary swaging process of steel tubes with different wall thicknesses from 3 mm to 7 mm and rods were investigated with FEM under two feeding velocities. The axial and radial material flow and the resulting geometry were studied by the relative wall thickness. It could be seen that the relative wall thickness was affected by the feeding velocity as well as the initial wall thickness. The findings of the simulation were validated by rotary swaging experiments.

Pavement Analysis and Design by Multiphysics Reconstructing Algorithm for the Virtual Asphalt Mixture Based on the Discrete-Element Method

Based on the Particle Flow Code in Two dimensions (PFC2D), an algorithm for modeling the two-dimensional virtual asphalt mixture was proposed in this study. By combining the AIMS scanning technology (Aggregate Imaging Measurement System) with the designed stochastic algorithm, the virtual coarse aggregates could be generated rapidly and precisely. Different from the conventional methods, the contour shapes of the coarse aggregates were rebuilt only to balance the shape modeling precision and simulation efficiency. Then by distributing the coarse particles within container, virtual skeletons were formed firstly. An innovate algorithm was proposed afterwards to distinguish the external and internal area of the coarse aggregates and then model the mastic part by filling the irregular hollow shape with uniformly arranged balls. By deleting the mastic balls randomly, the voids were reconstructed consistent with the actual ratio. In the end, the virtual uniaxial compressive tests of AC-16 were simulated within PFC2D and the dynamic modulus at different load frequencies was predicted. The results indicated that the proposed algorithm could not only model the asphalt mixture precisely but also characterized its mechanical behavior as well.

The functional readthrough extension of malate dehydrogenase reveals a modification of the genetic code

Translational readthrough gives rise to C-terminally extended proteins, thereby providing the cell with new protein isoforms. These may have different properties from the parental proteins if the extensions contain functional domains. While for most genes amino acid incorporation at the stop codon is far lower than 0.1%, about 4% of malate dehydrogenase (MDH1) is physiologically extended by translational readthrough and the actual ratio of MDH1x (e x tended protein) to ‘normal' MDH1 is dependent on the cell type. In human cells, arginine and tryptophan are co-encoded by the MDH1x UGA stop codon. Readthrough is controlled by the 7-nucleotide high-readthrough stop codon context without contribution of the subsequent 50 nucleotides encoding the extension. All vertebrate MDH1x is directed to peroxisomes via a hidden peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS) in the readthrough extension, which is more highly conserved than the extension of lactate dehydrogenase B. The hidden PTS of non-mammalian MDH1x evolved to be more efficient than the PTS of mammalian MDH1x. These results provide insight into the genetic and functional co-evolution of these dually localized dehydrogenases.

Charitable Organizations' Strategies and Program-Spending Ratios

Analysis in this study demonstrates how differences in strategy can be incorporated into evaluations and comparisons of financial statements of charitable organizations. The ratio of program spending to total spending, a metric commonly used in practice to evaluate charities, is the focus of the analysis. Our approach involves classifying charities according to how they access markets for donated resources and then using regression analysis to predict an organization's program-spending ratio, given the organization's strategic choice, size, and charitable objective. We then compare the predicted ratio to the organization's actual ratio to identify candidates for further review and investigation. In doing so, this paper illustrates how considering strategic choice enhances the analysis of financial statements of charitable organizations and informs assessments of organization effectiveness.

Comparison of Visualization Methods Used to Measure the Lecithin/Sphingomyelin Ratio in Amniotic Fluid

Amniotic fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios are commonly determined after these phospholipids are separated by thin-layer chromatography and made visible by one of several methods. Here, we comprehensively survey the experiences of other authors with these visualization methods, and we have evaluated the available techniques. We report standard curves of dipalmityl lecithin and sphingomyelin made visible by six of these methods. Bromthymol blue in ammonia vapor or charring with either sulfuric acid:water (1:1 by vol) or potassium dichromate (10 g/liter) in sulfuric acid:water (7:3 by vol) produces spots of similar intensity for both phospholipids. However, iodine vapor, a phosphomolybdic acid dip, or charring with ammonium sulfate, produces more intense sphingomyelin spots. We recommend that (a) visualization methods be used that produce similar spot intensities for both phospholipids so that the ratio determined reflects the actual relative amounts of lecithin and sphingomyelin, and (b) if clinical predictions are made based on interpretation tables provided in the literature, the visualization method on which the ratio interpretation tables are based gives results that correlate with the actual ratio.

Dead-space ventilation as a determinant in the ventilation-perfusion concept

Gas exchange in an alveolus is affected by the redistribution of dead-space gas during inspiration. Theoretical analysis of the total ventilation of an alveolus permits the description of several new concepts. a) The gas inspired by an alveolus may be identified on a PCO2-PO2 diagram as any point within an area formed by the alveolar ventilation-perfusion curve and a straight line drawn through the environmental and mixed venous points. b) The composition of gas in an alveolus may lie anywhere within this area and an additional area above the conventional curve. c) The actual ratio of exchange in an alveolus is identified by the blood R line passing through the alveolar point. The ratio of exchange between alveolus and environment is not necessarily the same as the blood R. d) The total ventilation-perfusion ratio compatible with a given alveolar gas composition is a variable quantity. e) The rebreathing of dead-space gas has a buffering action in limiting the range of gas compositions possible in alveoli. Submitted on November 30, 1959

Observations on the mineral metabolism of pullets: VI. The mobilization of body calcium for shell formation

1. Some recent developments of mineral balance studies on laying fowl are discussed and applied to the interpretation of the average results of twenty-six balance experiments with pullets.2. Several of the experiments are re-examined in detail from the same standpoint.3. A tentative hypothesis covering the relations between the calcium metabolism of shell formation and the calcium-phosphorus metabolism of bone is put forward on the basis of this reconsideration of available data. It is suggested that some degree of mobilization of skeletal calcium is a normal feature of shell formation in the fowl, the fraction of bone mineral material mobilized always having a higher Ca: P ratio than the skeleton as a whole, although the actual ratio may vary with the calcium in the diet and with the form in which the calcium is provided.