Analysis of the Effect of Different Treatment Schemes on Helicobacter Pylori Infection on Improving the Quality of Life of Patients

Objective: To analyze the effect of different treatment schemes on the quality of life of patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. Methods: From June 2019 to November 2020, 96 patients with Helicobacter pylori infection were selected and randomly assigned Combined treatment with omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin was named group A; Group B was treated with omeprazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin and colloidal bismuth pectin; Group C was given omeprazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin and metronidazole. Results: The symptom score and gastroscope score of group B or C were lower than those of group A (P < 0.05); The incidence of adverse reactions and HP eradication rate in group C were lower than those in group B, and those in group B were lower than those in group A (P < 0.05); The quality of life score of group C was higher than that of group B, and that of group B was higher than that of group A, P < 0.05. Conclusions: The sequential therapy of omeprazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin and metronidazole in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection can improve the HP eradication rate, improve the quality of life of patients, which is safe and efficient.

Allosteric inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease by colloidal bismuth subcitrate

Colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS) is an allosteric inhibitor of 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) in SARS-CoV-2. CBS binding causes dimeric 3CLpro dissociation and proteolytic dysfunction, leading to the suppression of SARS-CoV-2 replication.

MARKETING ASSESSMENT OF DRUGS USED FOR TREATMENT OF ACID-RELATED DISEASES IN BISHKEK

Objective: Marketing assessment of anti-ulcer medicines in pharmacies in Bishkek. Methods: The study was used by data from the Department of Medicines and Medical Technology at the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic on the registration of pharmaceutical products in the KR – State Registry of Medicines and Medical Products of 2019, as well as price sheets and invoices of wholesale pharmaceutical companies and retail pharmacies in Bishkek. Results: Depending on the value of the turnover rate (TR), the drugs were divided into three groups: drugs with slow TR (0.5 < К < 1.0); drugs with constant TR (0.26 < К < 0.49); drugs with high TR (0 < К < 0.25). According to the results of studies, proton pump inhibitors and colloidal bismuth-based drugs are high-end drugs of TR. Conclusions: We have determined that the pharmaceutical market in Bishkek demonstrates incomplete saturation of anti-ulcer drugs from the total number of registered medicines. At the same time, the largest part of the range are drugs from the group of proton pump inhibitors. Keywords: Anti-ulcer drugs, proton pump inhibitors, marketing assessment, turnover rate.

Laser Fragmentation Synthesis of Colloidal Bismuth Ferrite Particles

Laser fragmentation of colloidal submicron-sized bismuth ferrite particles was performed by irradiating a liquid jet to synthesize bismuth ferrite nanoparticles. This treatment achieved a size reduction from 450 nm to below 10 nm. A circular and an elliptical fluid jet were compared to control the energy distribution within the fluid jet and thereby the product size distribution and educt decomposition. The resulting colloids were analysed via UV-VIS, XRD and TEM. All methods were used to gain information on size distribution, material morphology and composition. It was found that using an elliptical liquid jet during the laser fragmentation leads to a slightly smaller and narrower size distribution of the resulting product compared to the circular jet.

Antofloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, as a component of bismuth quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a prospective, open-label, randomized trial

Background Currently, the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) is markedly decreasing due to some antibiotics resistance, including clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin. So, there is a considerable interest in evaluating new antibiotic combinations and regimens. Antofloxacin is a novel fluoroquinolone with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacilli including H. pylori . This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of 14-day antofloxacin-based bismuth quadruple therapy as a treatment regimen in Chinese patients with H. pylori infection. Methods We recruited 290 adult patients with H. pylori infection through upper endoscopy and histologic examination. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either antofloxacin-based bismuth quadruple therapy (ACLA therapy, antofloxacin 200 mg once daily, colloidal bismuth pectin 200 mg three times a day, lansoprazole 30 mg twice daily, and amoxicillin 1 g twice daily) for 14 days; or levofloxacin-based bismuth quadruple therapy (LCLA therapy, levofloxacin 500 mg once daily, colloidal bismuth pectin 200 mg three times a day, lansoprazole 30 mg twice daily, and amoxicillin 1 g twice daily) for 14 days. Eradication was assessed by 13 C-urea breath test after six-week treatment, the primary endpoint was the eradication rate by intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses. Results Allocated to ACLA were 145 (66F/70M, 42.1±12.8 years, 19.3% smokers, 13.1% alcohol drinker) and 145 (64F/81M, 41.1±12.2 years, 17.9% smokers, 12.4% alcohol drinker) patients to LCLA. 13 patients were lost to follow-up and 3 patients took < 80% of treatment drugs. The resistant rates for amoxicillin, levofloxacin and antofloxaci were 4.1% (12/290), 30.3% (44/145) and 0% (0/145), respectively. The ITT analysis showed eradication rates were 93.8% (136/145) in the ACLA group versus 86.2% (125/145) in the LCLA group ( p =0.031). The PP analysis showed eradication rates were 97.8% (136/139) in the ACLA group versus 92.6% (125/135) in the LCLA group ( p =0.000). The ACLA therapy exhibited lower rates of overall adverse events than LCLA therapy (33.8% vs. 42.0%), but the difference was not statistically significant ( p =0. 159). Conclusion Antofloxacin-based bismuth quadruple therapy might be considered as an alternative for the eradication of H. pylori treatment, since it attained a successful eradication rate of 90% which was superior than levofloxacin-based bismuth quadruple therapy. Both regimens were well tolerated and safe.

Strokovna stališča Slovenskega združenja za gastroenterologijo in hepatologijo o obravnavi bolnikov, okuženih z bakterijo Helicobacter pylori

The article presents a position statement of the Slovenian Association for Gastroenterology and Hepatology on the management of patients infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Position statement was presented and adopted at the 64th SAGH meetting on 11 November 2016 in Portorož.Every patient infected with H. pylori needs treatment. Recommended first-line regimen is a 14-day treatment with esomeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin. The success of treatment must be monitored by non-invasive tests (urea breath test) one month or more after completing the treatment. When the first-line treatment fails, we recommend that patient is referred to a gastroenterologist. The recommended second-line therapy consists of a 14-day treatment with levofloxacin (esomeprazole, amoxicillin, levofloxacin), or 14 per day treatment with colloidal bismuth (esomeprazole, colloidal bismuth, oxytetracycline / amoxicillin, metronidazole). All third-line treatments should be based on the results of antibiotic susceptibility testing.H. pylori is grade I carcinogen and is responsible for 89 % of all cancers of the stomach, with the exception of cancer of the cardia. Therefore, the SAGH recommends that we should start with a national screening programme for H. pylori infection in asymptomatic Slovenian population aged between 20 and 30 years. All H. pylori infected patients should be treated with a 14-day quadruple regimen (esomeprazole, colloidal bismuth, oxytetracycline / amoxicillin, metronidazole). The program must be organised and supervised along the lines of the SVIT programme.Position statement is also given for secondary gastric cancer prevention in older patients with chronic H. pylori infection and diffuse preneoplastic gastric mucosa changes (atrophy and intestinal metaplasia).

Exposure and nephrotoxicity concern of bismuth with the occurrence of autophagy

Metal nanoparticles or metal-based compounds have drawn attention in various fields ranging from industry to medicine because of their unique physicochemical properties. Bismuth (Bi) compounds and nanomaterials have been commonly used in alloys, electronic industry, batteries, and as flame retardants as well as for anti- Helicobacter pylori therapy, while the nanomaterial form has great potential for computed tomography imaging and thermotherapy, both of which will be introduced in this review. Although Bi was used for several decades, there is a lack of detailed information concerning their toxicity and mechanisms on human health. We described the toxicity of Bi on the kidney that seemed to be relatively known by researchers, while the mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, our group has found that Bi compounds, including bismuth nitrate (BN) and Bi nanomaterials, can induce autophagy in kidney cells. We also extended our findings by selecting five Bi compounds, and the results showed that BN, bismuth oxychloride, bismuth citrate, colloidal bismuth subcitrate, and Bi nanomaterials all induced slight cytotoxicity accompanied with autophagy. Although the role of autophagy in Bi-induced cytotoxicity and kidney injury is under investigation by us, autophagy may help with the exploration of the mechanisms of nephrotoxicity by Bi.