The Border and the Way We Live Now

In this essay-review, Paula Moya discusses three recent scholarly books by T. Jackie Cuevas, Marissa López, and Roberto Hernández that react to the negative racialization of Mexican origin people in the US by analyzing a variety of strategies employed by Chicanx writers and artists in literary and cultural artifacts produced from the 19th century to the present. Cuevas argues that Chicanx scholars need to better acknowledge the wide variety of types of Chicanx people living in the US, including those who are gender variant. López charts how some writers rebuff limiting ethnic stereotypes by engaging in a politics of performative, aggressive abjection as a way of refusing to perform institutionally recognized latinidad. And in his focus on two transnational sites along the US-Mexico border, Hernández seeks to analyze the historical causes and underlying logic of our modern/colonial world system by articulating the not always evident relationship of local eruptions of violence to the global flows of racial capitalism. Together, they unite in fighting the forces of dishistoricization by recovering the history of Chicanx people in the US and imagining for the community a decolonial future that can elude the violent constraints of racial subordination.

Exploring the Multifaceted Relationship of Compliance and Integrity—The Case of the Defence Industry

Over the years, compliance has come to be closely associated with integrity. Originally, compliance foremost had been understood as abiding by (financial) law and regulation as a prerequisite to pursuing an organization’s operational goals. In response to societal developments and corruption scandals this perspective gradually has shifted. Despite the increased importance and consecutive academic attention of the seemingly self-evident relationship between compliance and integrity, a dedicated analysis of this relationship is still lacking. Such an analysis not only will increase our theoretical understanding of the underlying concepts and how they evoke each other, but practically its insights may also help to increase the effectiveness of managing compliance and integrity within organizations. This contribution, therefore, conducts a conceptual analysis into the relationship between compliance and integrity. First, the meaning of compliance and integrity as individual concepts is discussed, followed by a comparison of the two concepts. The commonalities and differences that come to the fore then act as a stepping stone to unpack the various ways the concepts of compliance and integrity invoke each other. Based on this discussion a basic analytic framework is drawn up that summarizes the different valuations of the relationship between compliance and integrity. To illustrate their practical relevance, the different valuations depicted by the framework are illustrated with an example drawn from the defence industry. It concludes by discussing the implications of the analysis and suggesting some possible routes for further research.

Reef Structural Complexity Influences Fish Community Metrics on a Remote Oceanic Island: Serranilla Island, Seaflower Biosphere Reserve, Colombia

Serranilla is a protected island of the Seaflower Biosphere Reserve, far from dense human population. These characteristics could help sustain structurally complex coral reefs, often associated with higher biodiversity, abundance, and biomass of reef-associated organisms, including reef fish. However, the multiple threats present in Serranilla, including intense illegal fishing, can impact coral ecosystems generally and also specific key groups, such as the parrotfish, in particular. During the “Seaflower Research Expedition 2017”, we assessed how structural habitat complexity influences reef fish assemblages. In addition, we explored differences in parrotfish species (family: Scaridae) between Serranilla and San Andrés, the most populated island in the Archipelago. On Serranilla, we found that habitat structure, rugosity, and coral cover accounted for up to 66% of variation in reef fish diversity, abundance, and biomass, with values being higher on more complex reefs. Parrotfish species differed between the islands, with larger species supporting higher biomasses at Serranilla, by comparison with San Andrés; however, the abundance, biomass, and lengths of parrotfish species were low in both areas compared with those reported from other protected Caribbean reefs. Our study indicates that despite the evident relationship between structurally complex habitats and reef fish, other threats in Serranilla could be affecting parrotfish populations, such as illegal fishing, a widespread activity in the area.

An Assessment of the Contribution of Women Entrepreneurs Towards Economic Development in Wajir Township

Women in the pastoralist societies have always been considered as major pillars of both social and economic sustenance of their communities. Their role in the society is mainly as caregivers as opposed to being income earners. However, with increased women empowerment, more women are taking up income generating activities with a great number being involved in entrepreneurship activities. This study examined the contribution of women entrepreneurs towards economic development in Wajir township. The specific objectives included to assess how two important attributes of entrepreneurs contribute to economic development, thus establish the contribution of competitiveness of women entrepreneurs to economic development as well as the contribution of innovativeness of the women entrepreneurs to economic development and finally identify the characteristics of women entrepreneurs in Wajir township. This research was conducted among the eight hundred and forty-eight (848) women entrepreneurs operating within the township registered by the Department of Gender and special programs in the county. A total of one hundred (100) women were selected as a sample for the study. Data collection was done using closed ended questionnaires as the main tool whereas focused group discussions and key informant interviews were employed to triangulate the data. To measure reliability of the instrument, the questionnaire was tested and retested with a sample of respondents and the results measured against the Cronbach’s Alpha correlation coefficient test. To test the validity of the instrument, a pilot test was carried out. Analysis of data was done using SPSS and presented using tables and figures. The study revealed that there is an evident relationship between women enterepreneurial behaviour and consequent contribution to economic development in Wajir township. It was observed that the knack of an entrepreneur to be more innovative contributes more to job creation and better productivity in Wajir township compared to their competitive ability. On the other hand, a competitive women entrepreneur is more likely to contribute to personal wealth creation compared to an innovative one. This means that necessary support that promotes innovation and competitiveness amongst women entrepreneurs in Wajir township should be encouraged. The conclusion from this study is thus, women run enterprises in Wajir township contribute to the overall socio-economic development of the county.

The Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants: Modern tendencies and principles

Subject. Choosing the code of ethics for professional accountants' thinking and moral activity appears to become a key to a higher professional status. It is necessary to ensure the commercial comfort as much as possible for professional accountants to demonstrate their knowledge and observe professional principles. Objectives. I carry out a systemic study into advantages that help accountants respect professional principles of ethics. Methods. The study relies upon the modeling of economic cases, analyzes and synthesizes the information with reference to accounting and management. Results. The article discusses the relationship of the thinking and ethical activity of professional accountants as part of their professional activity that makes them observe the code of professional conduct. I add unusual cases of economic threats companies face to the evident relationship of the ethical principles and typical threats that influence the performance of professional accountants. With all the threats and causes combined, professional accountants sometimes have to depart from professional principles of ethics. Having this in mind, I substantiate the possibility of deriving the highest and lowest effects from the moral activity of accountants, which reflects the quality of their thinking activity. To elevate the professional status and reinforce the code of ethics for professional accountants, I prove that the accountant's professional knowledge influences the business image of a respective entity. The article shows that the motivation is important to raise the professional accountants' responsibility as part of their thinking and moral activities. Conclusions and Relevance. Studying the impact of the relationship between the moral and thinking activity of professional accountants on their performance can be useful to set certain relations between accountants and their employers. If the professional accountant takes his/her best efforts to develop the business and social image of the company, observing the professional code of ethics, while the employer manages to motivate the accountants, they will build the effective business management and mitigate economic risks.

Entropy-based image encryption using Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF)

The purpose of image encryption is to provide data privacy and security. The former ensures that only authorized personnel can access the original content, while the latter implies that there is no evident relationship between the encrypted and the original content, and that the key space is equally likely and large enough. In the current state of the field, there are several proposals of image encryption techniques with very high privacy (in terms of entropy) but weak in terms of security (i.e., small key space). Recently, a new encoding-based method that provides a long key space (namely 8,57 × 10506) with a middle value of entropy (87%) was proposed. Our proposal preserves the strength of the image encryption methods based on encoding, but with a higher value placed on security than the preliminary works. Every pixel of an image is mapped into an orthogonal code based on 256 bits. The 8-OVSF codes are selected to encode the image, given that the entropy of the inter-symbol is near the possible maximum. Numerous test results verify that our ciphered data have a very high value of entropy (98,5%) with an equally likely and long key space (8,57 × 10506), thus providing an adequate balance between privacy and security.

Doing the Corporate Business with Piercing the Corporate Veil Doctrine: Indonesia, Us And Uk Perspective

The absence of piercing the corporate veil doctrine in the Indonesian company law shows that the subsidiaries of such corporate groups are considered a separate legal personality, hence it is probably almost impossible to held the parent company liable for its subsidiaries’ legal actions under any conditions. This research adopted a normative legal research with a comparative law study method. The goal of this research is describe the implementation of piercing the corporate veil doctrine in Indonesia, US and UK, then to make the points of contribution of this doctrine to be regulated properly in Indonesia. In fact, piercing the corporate veil doctrine is implemented in Indonesia, although there was not any normative legal basis of the doctrine itself, whereas in US and UK, the doctrine is implemented and further developed through precedents. Therefore, since there is an evident relationship between a parent company and its subsidiary, whereby in certain cases the parent company can and should be held liable for the acts of its subsidiary, there should be a more explicit regulation regarding both corporate groups and piercing the corporate veil doctrine.

Analysis on the Relationship among Industrial Structure, Structure of Migrant Population and Real Estate Prices

With the urban development, the industrial structure and the structure of population show a mutually influential and very complicated relationship, and the industrial structure and the structure of population show an evident relationship with the real estate. The structure of population will have an influence on the industrial structure, and the industrial structure will have an effect on housing prices. So changes in the population structure will also have an indirect effect on the changes of real estate prices. This paper analyzes the relationship among industrial structure, structure of migrant population and real estate prices.

Gender and Typological Features of the Alveolar Process of the Maxilla

The aim of this research was to study gender and typological features of the morphometric parameters of the alveolar process of the maxilla in the mature population of the Republic of Azerbaijan.Material and methods. The study included 100 macerated mature male and female skulls reported in the certificates from the craniological collection of the fundamental museum of the department of human anatomy and medical terminology of the Azerbaijan medical university. The craniometric and variation-statistical methods were used in the study. Measurements were performed according to the generally accepted method using standard instruments for craniometry (Vernier caliper, caliper and a metal ruler). Cranial cuts in the frontal plane at the level of the upper canines, second premolars and molars were performed to measure the height and width of the alveolar ridge.Results. The results of morphometry demonstrated that the alveolar process of the maxilla has a pronounced gender dimorphism in males and females. Thus, in men morphometric parameters of the alveolar ridge (measured at different levels) are higher than in women. The alveolar ridge is statistically higher in leptoprozopes and mesoprozopes compared with euriprozopes at all studied levels.Conclusion. The height and width of the alveolar process of the maxilla have significant gender differences. Certain features of the width of the alveolar ridge have been detected for various forms of the facial part of the skull, but no evident relationship has been revealed.

Sobre la relación entre liberalización y eficiencia productiva en el sector ferroviario en Europa

Among the European policies focused on increasing the railways market share versus other transportation modals, deregulation policies are the most relevant. The aim of this article is to contrast if these deregulation policies developed in European railways systems are working from the efficiency perspective. The main contribution of the paper is the use of a liberalization index that is related with efficiency indexes estimated by Programmatic Efficiency methodology. Results using aggregated data show empirical evidence of a positive association between deregulation and efficiency. However results analyzing each individual railway system do not show an evident relationship, so it is not possible to set an optimal deregulation level or even a management model that can be used as a reference in efficiency terms.