Knowledge and Practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Mothers of Children Under One Years in Boudha

Breast milk is the best nutrition for babies to achieve proper, growth and development and is said to be the first immunization, but in content of Nepal only one in two child less than age of six months is exclusively breastfed. So this study helped to find the knowledge and their practice regarding exclusive breastfeeding in women living Boudha area. Methodology: This is quantitative study, done by simple random sampling method. Data collection was done by interviewing 194 mothers in community by using structure questionnaire. The data was entered in SPSS v.22, after cleaning and coding, data were analyzed using chi-square statistical test as well as basic descriptive statistics. Results: This study was conducted among mothers of children under 1 year. Total responded were 194 with mean age and standard derivation of 26, 4.01. The minimum age of 16 years and maximum age of 36 years. Majority of the respondents are literate. Most of the respondents 48.5% are house wife, 44.3% monthly earning is below Rs 25000. All the respondents 100% do breast fed their babies. Good numbers of respondents 96.4% have high knowledge on breastfeeding. There is association between knowledge and practice (P value 0.06) and association between education and knowledge (P value 0.00) as well as there is association between occupation and knowledge (P value 0.047). Moreover, the current study found that there is no association between education and practice. Conclusion: Present study shows that knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers living in Boudha are good compare to practice. There should be awareness program needed to address to improve their practice also.

The gender differences in highly paid wage: a case study of Peruvian physicians

In recent decades, the number of women pursuing careers in health has significantly increased. However, the physician labor market is still characterized by gender differences regarding payment. Using a nationally representative Peruvian sample of health providers (3,219 male and 1,063 female physicians), we estimated the gender gap in the likelihood of earning high wages for physicians and decomposed this gap in a proportion related to differences in individual characteristics (e.g. specialty, labor experience), and a residual proportion related to differences in returns to these characteristics. Our main results reveal that male physicians have on average an 81% higher likelihood of earning high salaries (monthly earning level > 5,000 PEN) relative to their female counterparts. Further, the main proportion of this gap is associated to the unexplained component (among 57% and 77%, according to the model specification), which may be associated to unobservable characteristics and discrimination in the Peruvian labor market.