SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS IN ORAL CANCER: A REVIEW

Oral cancer is a major health concern as it can cause signicant morbidity and mortality. A dose response relation has been established between oral cancer and tobacco usage. Though tobacco and alcohol have been long associated with the disease, genetic factors also play an important role in its pathogenesis. Various genetic mutations and epigenetic regulations are associated with the etiology of Oral Cancer. The focus of the current review is to emphasize the role of most common genomic variants known as single nucleotide polymorphisms in oral cancer. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms also known as SNPs are precise nucleotide sites in the human genome where in, it is possible to have two or more different nucleotides at a specic position on a chromosome. These are the most common type of variations occurring in the genetic constitution. SNP studies in various populations emphasize association of SNPs with risk predisposition or susceptibility to oral cancer.

Risk Prevention as a Part of Professional Training of Future Physical Culture Teachers

The article describes the identification and clarification of risk prevention measures by physical culture teachers at educational institutions that are based on the methodology of personality development approach to education. The experiment included 314 students, future physical culture teachers, among them 110 girls and 204 boys aged 18 to 23. This study investigated the dynamics of the attitude towards the risk of students (by age and sex) during their stay at higher educational institutions according to a specially developed methodology that included the personal profile of G. Eisenck, the methodology "Hierarchy of Needs" modified by I. Akindinova and the questionnaire "Investigation of Preparedness for Risk » by A. Shmelev. Summarizing the study analysis results the following conclusions can be drawn: preference of risk decreases with the age; the tendency to risk is lower in more experienced future teachers than in non-experienced ones; in girls the risk aptitude is realized under more certain conditions than in boys; the risk predisposition is more pronounced in a group than acting alone and depends on group expectations. During the period of studies at higher education institutions each future physical culture teacher developed his own potential for addressing the problems associated with risk prevention, their localization, minimization and elimination.

Gender-specific lethality due to carbon monoxide poisoning in Morocco

The objective of this study is to assess trends in death cases caused by carbon monoxide poisoning and to determine the possible reasons for a risk predisposition for a given sex in the event of a possible trend. In doing so, professionals working in the field of prevention take into account in control programs. Methods: Study of the regional and national evolution of sex-specific lethalities due to carbon monoxide poisoning based on deaths reported by the Anti-poison Center and Pharmacovigilance (CAPM) in the 16 regions for the period 1999-2013. Results: The chronological evolution of case-specific mortality rates on the whole shows an increasing trend for both sexes, which is in perfect proportion with the growth of deaths reported because of CO in the different regions. However, the values for the male, whose average for the period studied is 1.106%, are larger than those for females, whose average is only 0.618%. This more masculine tendency of lethalities cannot obviously be attributed to sex, nor to the particularities of deadly human CO exposure since all deaths are accidental and not related to socio-professional characteristics. Conclusion: The fatal risk in case of CO intoxication seems to favor a rather masculine superiority. This difference in lethality is simply explained by differences in the frequencies of poisoning and their fatal evolutions. Indeed, the quotient would be more masculine since the deaths due to the CO are practically similar for both sexes, whereas the frequency of the intoxications is more feminine.

Propension to risk in teenagers and young people

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of a study of the problem of predisposition to risk in teenagers and young adults. The article describes the features of the manifestation of risky behavior, considers the constructive and destructive types of manifestation of risk in adolescence. The theoretical study examines the biological basis of the need for predisposition to risk in adolescence, as well as characterological fea-tures that indicate varying degrees of risk predisposition and change throughout a per-son's life. The presented work will be useful for students of pedagogical and psychological areas of education, teachers of secondary specialized and higher educational institutions, teachers, parents of teenagers, educational psychologists, practicing psychologists in the area of family counseling, as well as individual counseling for.

Genetic Architecture Associated With Familial Short Stature

Context Human height is an inheritable, polygenic trait under complex and multilocus genetic regulation. Familial short stature (FSS; also called genetic short stature) is the most common type of short stature and is insufficiently known. Objective To investigate the FSS genetic profile and develop a polygenic risk predisposition score for FSS risk prediction. Design and Setting The FSS participant group of Han Chinese ancestry was diagnosed by pediatric endocrinologists in Taiwan. Patients and Interventions The genetic profiles of 1163 participants with FSS were identified by using a bootstrapping subsampling and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) method. Main Outcome Measures Genetic profile, polygenic risk predisposition score for risk prediction. Results Ten novel genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 9 reported GWAS human height-related SNPs were identified for FSS risk. These 10 novel SNPs served as a polygenic risk predisposition score for FSS risk prediction (area under the curve: 0.940 in the testing group). This FSS polygenic risk predisposition score was also associated with the height reduction regression tendency in the general population. Conclusion A polygenic risk predisposition score composed of 10 genetic SNPs is useful for FSS risk prediction and the height reduction tendency. Thus, it might contribute to FSS risk in the Han Chinese population from Taiwan.

Citizens’ perspectives on genomic sciences and direct-to-consumer genetic tests: systematic reviews

Background Past decades have witnessed enormous progress in the field of genetics and genomics, and yet a low level of awareness among general public has been described. Our aim was to explore the general populations’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviors towards genomic sciences, with a focus on direct-to-consumer genetic tests (DTC-GTs). DTC-GTs are genetic tests ordered directly by the public, without the involvement of a healthcare provider. Methods Two systematic reviews were conducted related to citizens’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. Firstly, we updated the current literature on DTC-GTs by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar. Studies published in English from October 2014 to January 2019, conducted in Europe were included. Secondly, we searched PubMed, Web of Science and Embase to review English and Italian studies on genomic sciences from 2003 to 2019. Results In the systematic review on DTC-GTs, we included six studies from Italy, Greece, Germany, The Netherlands and Switzerland. European citizens had an overall low level of awareness and a very small proportion of them had personal experience with DTC-GTs. More than half of the participants were interested in undergoing a DTC-GT, mainly for knowing the risk predisposition to a common disease such as cancer or cardiovascular disease. Concerns were raised about tests’ validity and utility as well as data privacy. In the systematic review on genomic sciences, 55 studies were included. The data extraction process is still in progress and our preliminary results indicate low levels of awareness on genomics. Conclusions Our findings showed that European citizens have a modest level of awareness and a high interest in DTC-GT. Understanding the citizens’ perspectives toward genomic sciences may contribute to the development of educational programs related to their needs. Key messages European citizens expressed modest levels of awareness and high levels of interest in DTC-GTs, mainly for knowing the risk predisposition to common diseases. European citizens are concerned with the data privacy and DTC-GT’s validity and utility.