Scalable diagnostics for global atmospheric chemistry using Ristretto library (version 1.0)

We introduce a new set of algorithmic tools capable of producing scalable, low-rank decompositions of global spatiotemporal atmospheric chemistry data. By exploiting emerging randomized linear algebra algorithms, a suite of decompositions are proposed that extract the dominant features from big data sets (i.e., global atmospheric chemistry at longitude, latitude, and elevation) with improved interpretability. Importantly, our proposed algorithms scale with the intrinsic rank of the global chemistry space rather than the ever increasing spatiotemporal measurement space, thus allowing for the efficient representation and compression of the data. In addition to scalability, two additional innovations are proposed for improved interpretability: (i) a nonnegative decomposition of the data for improved interpretability by constraining the chemical space to have only positive expression values (unlike PCA analysis); and (ii) sparse matrix decompositions, which threshold small weights to zero, thus highlighting the dominant, localized spatial activity (again unlike PCA analysis). Our methods are demonstrated on a full year of global chemistry dynamics data, showing the significant improvement in computational speed and interpretability. We show that the decomposition methods presented here successfully extract known major features of atmospheric chemistry, such as summertime surface pollution and biomass burning activities.

Efficient Conversion of Tertiary Propargylamides into Imidazoles via Hydroamination–Cyclization

A method to convert tertiary N-propargylamides into 1,2,4-trisubstituted imidazoles using ammonium chloride and zinc triflate as the catalyst is reported. The method is convenient, practical and employs conventional heating. It is also applicable to N-propargyl lactams and tends to populate the so-called ‘lead-like’ chemistry space.